Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits LPS/AβO-induced Neuroinflammation in BV2 Cells through Regulating the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway.

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), so inhibiting neuroinflammation is considered as a potential treatment for AD. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyhydroxyphenol of green tea, has been found to exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of EGCG on inflammation and its mechanism. In this study, BV2 cells were simultaneously exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) to induce inflammatory microenvironments. Inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot. The results show that EGCG inhibits LPS/AβO-induced inflammation in BV2 cells through regulating IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Meanwhile, EGCG reduces the activation of the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and levels of intracellular ROS in BV2 cells treated with LPS/AβO by affecting the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Further research found that EGCG inhibited MMP through regulating thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in LPS/AβO-induced neuroinflammation. In conclusion, EGCG may alleviate LPS/AβO-induced microglial neuroinflammation by suppressing the ROS/ TXNIP/ NLRP3 pathway. It may provide a potential mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of EGCG for alleviating AD.