ArticlePediatric research2025
Breastfeeding duration and brain-body development in 9-10-year-olds: modulating effect of socioeconomic levels.
Article in Pediatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions to support breastfeeding among mothers living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Early-Life Cumulative Intake of Ultra-Processed Foods and Subcortical Brain Volume at Age Six Years: A Prospective Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding Duration and Cognitive Performance Among Youths.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Sustained breastfeeding associations with brain structure and cognition from late childhood to early adolescence.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Independent and Joint Prospective Associations of Screen Time and Sleep Disturbance with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Among U.S. Adolescents.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate relationships of breastfeeding duration with brain structure and adiposity markers in youth and how these relationships are modified by neighborhood socioeconomic environments (SEEs).
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of youth enrolled in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 7511). Mixed effects models examined associations of breastfeeding duration with global brain measures and adiposity markers, adjusting for sociodemographic, pre- and post-natal covariates. Stratified analysis was performed by area deprivation index (ADI) tertiles.
resultsTotal cortical surface area (SA) (False Discovery Rate - FDR corrected P < 0.001), cortical (FDR corrected P < 0.001) and subcortical gray matter (GM) volume (FDR corrected P < 0.001) increased with increased breastfeeding duration. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores (FDR corrected P = 0.001), waist circumference (FDR corrected P = 0.002) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (FDR corrected P = 0.001) decreased with increased breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding duration was inversely associated with adiposity in youth from high- and medium- ADI neighborhoods, but positively associated with SA across ADI tertiles.
conclusionsIn this cross-sectional study, longer breastfeeding duration was associated with lower adiposity indices, particularly in youth from lower SEEs and greater SA across SEE levels. Longer breastfeeding duration showed long-term associations with brain and body development for offspring. IMPACT: Building on previous findings that longer breastfeeding duration is associated with healthier weight gain, lower obesity risk, and brain white matter development in infancy, our results find longer breastfeeding duration to be associated with lower adiposity indices and greater cortical and subcortical gray matter volume, and cortical surface area during peri-adolescence. Children from lower socioeconomic environments (SEEs) demonstrated stronger negative associations of breastfeeding duration and adiposity indices, and children across SEEs showed positive relationships between breastfeeding duration and cortical surface area. Promoting breastfeeding, particularly among women from lower SEEs would confer long-term benefits to offspring.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.