ArticleSchizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)2024
Excitation/inhibition imbalance in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of inhibitory and excitatory TMS-EMG paradigms.
Article in Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Molecular and topographic mapping of antipsychotic effects: a meta-analysis of postsynaptic density proteins in animal models with translational implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Sleep Deprivation and Neuronal Hyperexcitation Share Transcriptomic Signatures.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Co-expression-based models improve eQTL predictions for transcriptome-wide association studies and highlight new schizophrenia-associated genes.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- The Hidden Architecture of Brain Structural Variability in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Multi-site Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Diminished variability of alpha and beta band-limited power as a neural signature in schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Developmental Alterations in the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space Index Suggest Possible Glymphatic-Related Mechanisms Underlying Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance and Psychosis Vulnerability in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Mesocorticostriatal Reinforcement Learning of State Representation and Value with Implications for the Mechanisms of Schizophrenia.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Psychedelic Modulation of Excitation/Inhibition Balance: A Dual-Phase Neurodevelopmental Model.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Global scale-free brain activity as a potential neural signature of visual information processing in aging.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- From synapse to system: mechanistic pathways of neural signaling dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Exploration of schizophrenia-related behavioral and molecular abnormalities in a mutant mouse model with a mutation in the TVV motif of the ErbB4 gene.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation and neural networks in psychiatric disorders: current status and emerging prospects.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- Molecular Underpinning of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Putative Different Neurobiology from Treatment-Responsive Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- In vivo assessment of GABAergic inhibition and glutamate facilitation in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a TMS study integrating clinical, cognitive, and neurophysiological evaluations.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Aperiodic neural dynamics define a novel signature of glioma-induced excitation-inhibition dysregulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Compensatory Regulation of Excitation/Inhibition Balance in the Ventral Hippocampus: Insights from Fragile X Syndrome.Biology · 2025Review
- Reduced temporal variability of cortical excitation/inhibition ratio in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Electrophysiology of gliomas: current science, implications, and opportunities.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Reduction of intracortical inhibition (ICI) correlates with cognitive performance and psychopathology symptoms in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Cortical excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is a potential model for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electromyography (EMG) has suggested inhibitory deficits in schizophrenia. In this meta-analysis we assessed the reliability and clinical potential of TMS-EMG paradigms in schizophrenia following the methodological recommendations of the PRISMA guideline and the Cochrane Handbook. The search was conducted in three databases in November 2022. Included articles reported Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI), Intracortical Facilitation (ICF), Long-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (LICI) and Cortical Silent Period (CSP) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were used to assess heterogeneity. Results of 36 studies revealed a robust inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia with a significant decrease in SICI (Cohen's d: 0.62). A trend-level association was found between SICI and antipsychotic medication. Our findings support the E/I imbalance hypothesis in schizophrenia and suggest that SICI may be a potential pathophysiological characteristic of the disorder.
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