ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2025
An Examination of the Relations Between Effortful Control in Early Childhood and Risk for Later Externalizing Psychopathology: A Bi-factor Structural Equation Modeling Approach.
Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-Cognitive Adaptive Resourcefulness: Scrutiny of Its Multidimensionality and Nomological Validity.Psychological reports · 2026Article
- Further assessment of the non-cognitive adaptive resourcefulness model comprising mental toughness, resilience, and self-efficacy: relationships with emotional intelligence and chronic time pressure.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Predicting the impact of stuttering in the school years.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Does Parental Media Soothing Lead to the Risk of Callous-Unemotional Behaviors in Early Childhood? Testing a Moderated Mediation Model.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prenatal Maternal Mindfulness as a Predictor of Infant Emerging Effortful Control and Negative Affect.Mindfulness · 2025Article
- Emotion dysregulation as a pathway linking adversity and temperament to general psychopathology in childhood.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Deficits in effortful control (EC) contribute to patterns of maladaptation across development; however, little is known about how specific subfactors of EC differentially predict children's externalizing psychopathology. Using a longitudinal sample of 206 children (47.8% female, 42.6% Caucasian), the current study employed a bi-factor structural equation modeling approach to examine the concurrent and longitudinal associations between EC and its subfactors (i.e., attentional focusing, low-intensity pleasure, perceptual sensitivity, inhibitory control) and conduct problems, attention deficit disordered behaviors (ADD), and callous-unemotional (CU) traits at 36 and 84 months, respectively. Results indicated that increased general EC at 36 months predicted reduced CU traits and ADD at 84 months. Attentional focusing was the only subfactor to uniquely predict later CU traits, suggesting that strong attentional abilities attenuate risk for CU trait development. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Registered trials
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