Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38877469›Full record

ArticleBMC women's health2024

The levels of women's awareness, experience, acceptability and preference for Vaginal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling in three provinces of China: a cross-sectional study.

Jia Song, Yi-Hua Ni, Jing Fang, Shui-Xiang Qu, Xiao-Yan Chen, Wei-Li Wu, Wei-Chu Zhang, Jian-Fen Qin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC women's health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. HPV vaccination coverage rate in women undergoing conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Spain: The COVAR study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Triage performance of PAX1Clinical epigenetics · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jia Song *Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
Yi-Hua Ni *Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
Jing FangNursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
Shui-Xiang QuNursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
Xiao-Yan ChenNursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
Wei-Li WuNursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
Wei-Chu ZhangNursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
Jian-Fen QinNursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, China. 3193160@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,China 2020PY052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe primary screening technique for precancerous lesions and cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and HPV self-sampling has been shown to be consistent with clinician sampling in terms of the accuracy of the results and may improve cervical cancer screening rates. The aim of this study was to understand the level of awareness, experience, acceptability, and preference for vaginal HPV self-sampling among women in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, China, and to analyze the possible influencing factors to determine the feasibility of implementing self-sampling.

methodsOverall, 1793 women were included in the data analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized. In addition to descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the associations between sociodemographic features, history of cervical cancer screening, and the level of awareness, experience, acceptability, and preference for HPV self-samples.

resultsThe participants' level of awareness of and experience with HPV self-sampling were moderate. A total of 88.8% of participants rated the acceptability as "high", and self-sampling was preferred by 64.2% of them for cervical cancer screening. People aged 45 to 54 years showed a preference for both clinician sampling(OR = 1.762 (1.116-2.163)) and self-sampling (OR = 1.823 (1.233-2.697)). Those who had graduated from high school or above (OR = 2.305 (1.517-3.503), OR = 2.432 (1.570-3.768), OR = 3.258 (2.024-5.244)) preferred clinician-sampling, and those with a bachelor's degree or above (OR = 1.664 (1.042-2.657)) preferred self-sampling. Middle- and high-income individuals showed no preference for either sampling method (OR < 1).

conclusionsHPV self-sampling is widely accepted, but awareness, experience and preferences need to be improved. These results may help to adjust public health strategies for the early inclusion of HPV self-sampling as a screening method in national initiatives to prevent cervical cancer.

Indexed as

Early Detection of CancerHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePapillomavirus InfectionsPatient Acceptance of Health CareUterine Cervical NeoplasmsAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHuman Papillomavirus VirusesHumansMiddle AgedPatient PreferenceSelf CareSpecimen HandlingAcceptabilityAwarenessExperienceHuman papillomavirusPreferenceSelf-sampling

Identifiers

PMID38877469
PMCPMC11179292

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.