Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38876295›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2024

Tramadol use in U.S. Adults With Commercial Health Insurance, 2005-2021.

Christopher Andrew Basham, Heba Edrees, Krista F Huybrechts, Catherine S Hwang, Brian T Bateman, Katsiaryna Bykov

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Christopher Andrew BashamDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Heba EdreesDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Krista F HuybrechtsDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Catherine S HwangDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Brian T BatemanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, San Francisco, California.
Katsiaryna BykovDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: kbykov@bwh.harvard.edu.

Funding

Drug interactions and opioid-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations among older adultsR01HS027623 · AHRQ · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BYKOV, KATSIARYNA · 2020 to 2023
$1.6M
Novel approaches to identify and quantify the impact of drug-drug interactions in older adults with diabetes, with a focus on multimorbidity and polypharmacyK01AG068365 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BYKOV, KATSIARYNA · 2021 to 2025
$621k
AHRQ HHS R01 HS027623NIA NIH HHS K01 AG068365
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTramadol has been associated with chronic opioid use and emergency room (ER) visits. However, little is known about trends in prescription tramadol use in the U.S.

methodsOptum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database was used to assess trends in monthly incident and prevalent tramadol use from 2005 to 2021, stratified by sex and age (18-64 vs. ≥65 years). State-specific trends following scheduling of tramadol as Class IV controlled substance in August 2014 were analyzed with random effects regression models. Demographics, comorbidities, initiation setting, dose, and co-dispensing with other opioids and central nervous system (CNS) agents were assessed in people initiating tramadol, stratified by age and initiation year (2005-2010, 2011-2015, 2016-2021). Analyses were performed in 2023 and 2024.

resultsDuring 2005-2021, the mean percentage using tramadol in a given month was 0.88% of younger females, 0.55% of younger males, 1.97% of older females, and 1.14% of older males; 5,729,652 initiations were identified. Since 2014, estimated relative yearly decrease was 4% (95% CI 3%; 5%) in use and 5% (95% CI 4%; 5%) in initiation, with variation across states. Primary care percentage of tramadol initiations declined from 49.2% in 2005-2010 to 37.2% in 2016-2021. During 2016-2021, co-dispensing with other CNS agents occurred in 37.8% of younger and 32.1% of older adults initiating tramadol.

conclusionsTramadol use was higher in females and older adults, exhibited heterogeneous trends across states, and shifted from primary care to ER and specialist settings over time. Co-dispensing with other CNS agents was common and warrants further monitoring.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidTramadolAdolescentAdultAgedDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansInsurance, HealthMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultAnalgesics, OpioidTramadol

Identifiers

PMID38876295
PMCPMC11416325

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.