ArticleJMIR AI2022
Adolescents' Well-being While Using a Mobile Artificial Intelligence-Powered Acceptance Commitment Therapy Tool: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study.
Article in JMIR AI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evidence and Future Directions for Pediatric Health Care Chatbots: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Chatbot-Delivered Interventions for Improving Mental Health Among Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Worldviews on evidence-based nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of a Conversational AI Agent for Psychiatric Symptoms and Digital Therapeutic Alliance: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- An Automated Conversational Agent Self-Help Program: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Public attitudes and practices toward using AI chatbots for healthcare assistance: a multinational cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Public Health Risk Management, Policy, and Ethical Imperatives in the Use of AI Tools for Mental Health Therapy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Charting the evolution of artificial intelligence mental health chatbots from rule-based systems to large language models: a systematic review.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Lessons Learned in Digital Health Promotion: The Promise and Challenge of Contextual Behavioral Science Methodology in Valuing Intervention Research.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Conversational AI in Pediatric Mental Health: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Insights From Art Therapists on Using AI-Generated Art in Art Therapy: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being.NPJ digital medicine · 2023Review
- Digitally Assisted Mindfulness in Training Self-Regulation Skills for Sustainable Mental Health: A Systematic Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdolescence is a critical developmental period to prevent and treat the emergence of mental health problems. Smartphone-based conversational agents can deliver psychologically driven intervention and support, thus increasing psychological well-being over time.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to test the potential of an automated conversational agent named Kai.ai to deliver a self-help program based on Acceptance Commitment Therapy tools for adolescents, aimed to increase their well-being.
methodsParticipants were 10,387 adolescents, aged 14-18 years, who used Kai.ai on one of the top messaging apps (eg, iMessage and WhatsApp). Users' well-being levels were assessed between 2 and 5 times using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index questionnaire over their engagement with the service.
resultsUsers engaged with the conversational agent an average of 45.39 (SD 46.77) days. The average well-being score at time point 1 was 39.28 (SD 18.17), indicating that, on average, users experienced reduced well-being. Latent growth curve modeling indicated that participants' well-being significantly increased over time (β=2.49; P<.001) and reached a clinically acceptable well-being average score (above 50).
conclusionsMobile-based conversational agents have the potential to deliver engaging and effective Acceptance Commitment Therapy interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.