ReviewJournal of neurotrauma2024
Spinal Cord Transcutaneous Stimulation in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Review Examining Upper Extremity Neuromotor Control, Recovery Mechanisms, and Future Directions.
Review in Journal of neurotrauma, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06698224 (Paired Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Hand Function Recovery in Humans Post Cervical SCI), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Paired Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Hand Function Recovery in Humans Post Cervical SCI
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation for motor function and functional independence in patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Application and prospects of brain-computer interface technology for motor function reconstruction after brachial plexus injury.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Combining Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation with Activity Based Training in Children with Chronic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Case Series.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Study design considerations in clinical trials testing transcutaneous stimulation for spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2026Review
- Evaluation of blood flow restriction combined with routine rehabilitation in incomplete thoracic and lumbar spinal cord injury after decompression: a retrospective study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Exosomes as regenerative therapeutics for spinal cord injury: mechanisms and clinical prospects.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation for upper limb recovery in chronic incomplete cervical spinal cord injury: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mechanism-Based Neuromodulation in Augmenting Respiratory Motor Function in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation Combined with Locomotor Training Improves Functional Outcomes in a Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) results in significant sensorimotor impairments below the injury level, notably in the upper extremities (UEs), impacting daily activities and quality of life. Regaining UE function remains the top priority for individuals post-cervical SCI. Recent advances in understanding adaptive plasticity within the sensorimotor system have led to the development of novel non-invasive neurostimulation strategies, such as spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS), to facilitate UE motor recovery after SCI. This comprehensive review investigates the neuromotor control of UE, the typical recovery trajectories following SCI, and the therapeutic potential of scTS to enhance UE motor function in individuals with cervical SCI. Although limited in number with smaller sample sizes, the included research articles consistently suggest that scTS, when combined with task-specific training, improves voluntary control of arm and hand function and sensation. Further, the reported improvements translate to the recovery of various UE functional tasks and positively impact the quality of life in individuals with cervical SCI. Several methodological limitations, including stimulation site selection and parameters, training strategies, and sensitive outcome measures, require further advancements to allow successful translation of scTS from research to clinical settings. This review also summarizes the current literature and proposes future directions to support establishing approaches for scTS as a viable neuro-rehabilitative tool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.