ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2024
Beat Pilot Tone (BPT): Simultaneous MRI and RF motion sensing at arbitrary frequencies.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Head Motion Correction Based on Pilot Tone Signals in MRI: A Referenceless Method.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2026Article
- Prospective Respiratory Motion Correction Using Machine Learning and Pilot Tone (PROMPT) in Cardiac MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Contactless cardiac gating at 0.55T using high-amplitude pilot tone with interference cancellation (HAPTIC).Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo introduce a simple system exploitation with the potential to turn MRI scanners into general-purpose radiofrequency (RF) motion monitoring systems.
methodsInspired by Pilot Tone (PT), this work proposes Beat Pilot Tone (BPT), in which two or more RF tones at arbitrary frequencies are transmitted continuously during the scan. These tones create motion-modulated standing wave patterns that are sensed by the receiver coil array, incidentally mixed by intermodulation in the receiver chain, and digitized simultaneously with the MRI data. BPT can operate at almost any frequency as long as the intermodulation products lie within the bandwidth of the receivers. BPT's mechanism is explained in electromagnetic simulations and validated experimentally.
resultsPhantom and volunteer experiments over a range of transmit frequencies suggest that BPT may offer frequency-dependent sensitivity to motion. Using a semi-flexible anterior receiver array, BPT appears to sense cardiac-induced body vibrations at microwave frequencies (
conclusionBPT may offer a rich source of motion information that is frequency-dependent, simultaneous, and complementary to PT and the MRI exam.
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Registered trials
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