ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2024
The path to leptomeningeal metastasis.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Long-term outcomes of ventricular entry in high grade glioma resection: A meta-Analysis and meta regression.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Preclinical evaluation of trastuzumab deruxtecan in a new HER2+ leptomeningeal colonization model.Cancer letters · 2026Article
- Probable cavernous sinus-adjacent meningeal metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Development of Diagnostic Models and Biomarker Identification for Type 1 Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Olink: Exploratory Cohort Study with Internal Temporal Validation.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Article
- Central nervous system involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.Leukemia · 2026Review
- Multi-omic cell free DNA profiles of cerebral spinal fluid from lung cancer metastasis to the brain.NAR cancer · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal fibroblasts promote glioblastoma progression by regulating cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Copper depletion boosts CNS leukemia therapy by inhibiting nucleotide synthesis through impairment of mitochondrial complex IV activity.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid human epididymis protein 4 for leptomeningeal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: Molecular Diagnosis, Disease Monitoring, and Clinical Translation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advances in cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of leptomeningeal metastases (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Region-specific proteomic profiling of brain interstitial fluidLab on a chip · 2026Article
- A tumor-derived metabolite primes the leptomeningeal pre-metastatic niche.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal metastatic cancer cells induce a permissive choroid plexus vasculature through extracellular-vesicle-derived 5-HIAA signaling.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in patients with Leptomeningeal Metastasis (LM) from solid tumors.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Meningeal-tumor interactions define distinct modes of leptomeningeal colonization in Group 3 medulloblastoma.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Meningeal immune convergence: IFN-γ-driven DC-NK axis suppresses leptomeningeal tumor.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Article
- Brain metastases exhibit distinct spatial patterns of resident and infiltrating macrophages.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Cellular landscape and diagnostic value of TROP2 in cerebrospinal fluid of lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- [Neuroregulatory Mechanisms of Lung Cancer Progression and Clinical Treatment Challenges from the Perspective of Cancer Neuroscience].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The leptomeninges, the cerebrospinal-fluid-filled tissues surrounding the central nervous system, play host to various pathologies including infection, neuroinflammation and malignancy. Spread of systemic cancer into this space, termed leptomeningeal metastasis, occurs in 5-10% of patients with solid tumours and portends a bleak clinical prognosis. Previous, predominantly descriptive, clinical studies have provided few insights. Recent development of preclinical leptomeningeal metastasis models, alongside genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing efforts, has provided groundwork for mechanistic understanding and identification of long-needed therapeutic targets. Although previously understood as an anatomically isolated compartment, the leptomeninges are increasingly appreciated as a major conduit of communication between the systemic circulation and the central nervous system. Despite the unique nature of the leptomeningeal microenvironment, the general principles of metastasis hold true: cells metastasizing to the leptomeninges must gain access to the new environment, survive within the space and evade the immune system. The study of leptomeningeal metastasis has the potential to uncover novel site-specific metastatic principles and illuminate the physiology of the leptomeningeal space. In this Review, we provide a biology-focused overview of how metastatic cells reach the leptomeninges, thrive in this nutritionally sparse environment and evade the detection of the omnipresent immune system.
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