ArticleNature medicine2024
Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 230 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
230citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
MBOTE-Kamituga / Mpox Biology, Outcome, Transmission and Epidemiology - Protocole De Caractérisation Clinique Et Virologique Des Infections À Virus De Monkeypox À Kamituga (MBOTE-Kamituga)
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox Outbreak in Equateur, the DR Congo (Part1)
Who cites it
230 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dynamics of global mpox epidemics, 1970-2025: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evolving transmissibility and intervention effects.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Mpox knowledge and perception in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mpox vaccine acceptance and uptake in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC global and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Mpox vaccination uptake and acceptance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- The role of infection prevention and control in the mitigation of human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus: a systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Pooled it
- Tecovirimat for Clade I MPXV Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Trial
- Diagnostic performance of a field-deployable iiPCR platform and viral load dynamics of MPXV Clade IIb in a cohort with high prevalence of HIV.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Monkeypox virus replication and host response in vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cells.Virulence · 2026Article
- Mpox animal models: a comprehensive evaluation of susceptible species for pathogenesis studies and drug discovery.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Review
- Mapping transcriptional patterns of MPXV in human epithelial cells.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and phylogenomic characterization of the Clade IIb C.1 Mpox outbreak in Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2023-2024).Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Lactoferrin blocks orthopoxvirus entry via heparan sulphate and regulates host antiviral pathways.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Seminal fluid enhances monkeypox virus infection via amyloidogenic fibrils.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Article
- Monkeypox virus clade IIb isolate exhibits reduced virulence relative to clade IIa isolates in multiple murine models.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- APOBEC3-driven attenuation of the 2022 global outbreak monkeypox virus relative to its clade IIb ancestor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Observational
- Sustaining Mpox Surveillance, Research, and Care Integration in a Post-PHEIC, Resource-Constrained World.Viruses · 2026Review
- Identification of Repurposed Drugs Against Monkeypox Virus Through Comprehensive Virtual Screening.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
45 authors.
Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki *Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Cris Kacita *Hemorrhagic Fever and Monkeypox Program, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Eddy Kinganda-LusamakiInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-0165
Áine O'TooleInstitute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Tony Wawina-BokalangaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Daniel Mukadi-BamulekaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-8704
Adrienne Amuri-AzizaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-0779
Nadine Malyamungu-BubalaKamituga General Hospital, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Franklin Mweshi-KumbanaKamituga General Hospital, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Léandre Mutimbwa-MamboKamituga Health Zone, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Freddy Belesi-SiangoliProvincial Health Division, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Yves MujulaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Edyth ParkerAfrican Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-1446
Pauline-Chloé Muswamba-KayembeInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Sabin S NunduInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Robert S LushimaHemorrhagic Fever and Monkeypox Program, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Jean-Claude Makangara-CigoloInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Noella Mulopo-MukanyaRodolphe Merieux INRB-Goma Laboratory, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Elisabeth Pukuta-SimbuInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Prince Akil-BandaliInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Hugo KavungaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Ombotimbe AbdramaneMedical Department, The Alliance for International Medical Action, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Isabel BrosiusDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2227-8874
Eugene BangwenDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-2258
Koen VercauterenDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-9938
Nadia A Sam-AguduDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-7730
Edward J MillsDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Olivier Tshiani-MbayaFrederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick, MD, USA.
Nicole A HoffDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Anne W RimoinDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Lisa E HensleyUS Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Jason KindrachukUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-7084
Cheryl BaxterCentre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6033-7655
Tulio de OliveiraCentre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3027-5254
Ahidjo AyoubaTransVIHMI (Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses endémiques et émergentes), Université de Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), INSERM, Montpellier, France.
Martine PeetersTransVIHMI (Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses endémiques et émergentes), Université de Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), INSERM, Montpellier, France.
Eric DelaporteTransVIHMI (Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses endémiques et émergentes), Université de Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), INSERM, Montpellier, France.
Steve Ahuka-MundekeInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Emma L MohrDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0742-305X
Nancy J SullivanNational Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jean-Jacques Muyembe-TamfumInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Jean B NachegaDepartment of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. jbn16@pitt.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-4443
Andrew RambautInstitute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-3707
Laurens LiesenborghsDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-8548
Placide Mbala-KingebeniInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. mbalaplacide@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-3570
Funding
"Enhancing Cancer Research in Central Africa IeDEA"U01AI096299 · NIAID · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI Denis Nash, Marcel Yotebieng · 2011 to 2026
$35.8MAfrican Association for Health Professions Education and ResearchR25TW011217 · FIC · INFECTIOUS DISEASES INSTITUTE · PI ADEJUMO, PRISCA, NACHEGA, JEAN BISIMWA · 2018 to 2023
$3.9MVertical transmission, pregnancy outcomes and treatment of Mpox virus infection in a translational pregnant macaque modelR01AI182082 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Emma L Mohr · 2024 to 2026
$2.3MPitt-Mozambique Training Program (Pitt-MozHRTP) in SARS-CoV-2, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes in People with HIVD43TW011827 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Lee H Harrison, JEAN BISIMWA NACHEGA · 2022 to 2026
$1.2MUniversity of Pittsburgh HIV-Comorbidities Research Training Program in South AfricaD43TW010937 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI NACHEGA, JEAN BISIMWA, SEEDAT, SORAYA · 2019 to 2023
$1.2MCardiometabolic Outcomes, Mechanisms and approach to prevention of Dolutegravir Associated Weight Gain In South AfricaR21TW011706 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI KENGNE, ANDRE PASCAL, NACHEGA, JEAN BISIMWA · 2020 to 2021
$345kFIC NIH HHS D43 TW010937FIC NIH HHS D43 TW011827FIC NIH HHS R21 TW011706FIC NIH HHS R25 TW011217NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI182082NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI096299U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Fogarty International Center (FIC) D43TW010937U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Fogarty International Center (FIC) R25TW011217U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 5U01AI096299-13Wellcome Trust
Abstract
Outbreaks of monkeypox (mpox) have historically resulted from zoonotic spillover of clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Central Africa and clade II MPXV in West Africa. In 2022, subclade IIb caused a global epidemic linked to transmission through sexual contact. Here we describe the epidemiological and genomic features of an mpox outbreak in a mining region in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, caused by clade I MPXV. Surveillance data collected between September 2023 and January 2024 identified 241 suspected cases. Genomic analysis demonstrates a distinct clade I lineage divergent from previously circulating strains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Of the 108 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed mpox cases, the median age of individuals was 22 years, 51.9% were female and 29% were sex workers, suggesting a potential role for sexual transmission. The predominance of APOBEC3-type mutations and the estimated emergence time around mid-September 2023 imply recent sustained human-to-human transmission.
Indexed as
Disease OutbreaksMonkeypox virusMpox, MonkeypoxPhylogenyAdolescentAdultChildDemocratic Republic of the CongoFemaleGenome, ViralHumansMaleMiddle AgedMutationYoung Adult
Identifiers
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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT06652646ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07055867ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.