ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
In-depth Microbiological Characterization of Urine From Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The urinary microbiome in association with diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The Urogenital Microbiome-Metabolic Interface in Postmenopausal Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection: Estrogen Deficiency, Diabetes, Obesity, and Microbial Reservoirs.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Urinary Microbiome Characteristics in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Their Clinical Implications: A Narrative Review.Annals of transplantation · 2026Review
- Urinary microbiota changes among NMIBC patients during BCG therapy: comparing BCG responders and non-responders.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in type 2 diabetes (T2D), affecting quality of life and potentially leading to medication discontinuation. Among various factors contributing to LUTS, recent observations suggest a critical role of the urinary microbiota. Research on urinary dysbiosis in T2D remains underexplored.
objectiveWe conducted a pilot study to investigate differences in the urinary microbiota between patients with T2D and healthy individuals and its potential indirect association with LUTS risk.
methodsThis case-control study included 50 patients with T2D and no LUTS, and 25 healthy controls. Microbial DNAs were extracted from urinary sediments and bacterial populations quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and qualitatively investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Validation experiments with digital PCR were also performed.
resultsIn patients with T2D a higher total bacterial load and an increased abundance of Bacillota were found. After stratification by gender, these results were observed only in women. However, no significant quantitative differences were observed at the genus level. Alpha diversity analysis showed no significant differences between T2D and control groups, or by gender. At the species level, a substantial qualitative and often gender-dependent shift was present in individuals with T2D.
conclusionThe urinary microbiome of subjects with T2D was found to be different from that of healthy controls. Specifically, patients with T2D displayed higher total bacterial load and Bacillota levels, as well as qualitative changes in bacterial species. These changes suggested a dysbiotic condition of the urinary microbiota of subjects with T2D, with some gender-related differences. Although causality cannot be inferred, these findings highlight the impact of T2D on the urinary microbiota and its potential relevance in developing LUTS and, from a broader perspective, metabolic abnormalities.
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