ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
A highly reproducible and efficient method for retinal organoid differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lineage-tailored vesicles from human retinal ganglion-like cells drive metabolic homeostasis and bioenergetic recovery in glaucoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Tutorial: interrogating biology using organoid technologies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Glycosylation of the retina.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- A human pluripotent stem cell triculture platform to elucidate microglial regulation of retinal ganglion cells in neuroinflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Stem cell-based therapies for neuroretinal degeneration: current landscape and future perspectives.Stem cells translational medicine · 2026Review
- Organoids - the future of pre-clinical development of AAV gene therapy for CNS disorders.Gene therapy · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation in glaucoma: a myriad of cellular pathways and players.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Strategies for Neural Repair and Regeneration: Neural Organoid Transplantation in the CNS.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Organoids: generation strategies, applications, and future challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Retinal organoids: current status of development and new avenues for application in disease modeling, drug discovery and therapeutics.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Current Advances and Applications of Retinal Organoids.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals cellular heterogeneity and limits of marker-based assessment in retinal ganglion cell-enriched organoid cultures.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Engineering Human Retinal Organoids and Eye-on-a-Chip Models for Degenerative Eye Disease.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Reply to Bruschi, F.; Casini, G. New Models for the Study of Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Comment on "Ashander et al. Human Retinal Organoid Model of Ocular Toxoplasmosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Electroporation-based gene delivery and whole-organoid imaging in human retinal organoids.Developmental biology · 2026Article
- Organoids for disease modeling and treatment: state-of-the-art.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Human pluripotent stem cell models of Friedreich's ataxia: innovations, considerations, and future perspectives.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- AAV-mediated exon skipping therapy for Usher syndrome, type 2A.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- 3D Quantification of Viral Transduction Efficiency in Living Human Retinal Organoids.Small methods · 2026Article
- Ethical review key considerations for organoid applications in biomedical research-a systematic review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived retinal organoids are three-dimensional cellular aggregates that differentiate and self-organize to closely mimic the spatial and temporal patterning of the developing human retina. Retinal organoid models serve as reliable tools for studying human retinogenesis, yet limitations in the efficiency and reproducibility of current retinal organoid differentiation protocols have reduced the use of these models for more high-throughput applications such as disease modeling and drug screening. To address these shortcomings, the current study aimed to standardize prior differentiation protocols to yield a highly reproducible and efficient method for generating retinal organoids. Results demonstrated that through regulation of organoid size and shape using quick reaggregation methods, retinal organoids were highly reproducible compared to more traditional methods. Additionally, the timed activation of BMP signaling within developing cells generated pure populations of retinal organoids at 100% efficiency from multiple widely used cell lines, with the default forebrain fate resulting from the inhibition of BMP signaling. Furthermore, given the ability to direct retinal or forebrain fates at complete purity, mRNA-seq analyses were then utilized to identify some of the earliest transcriptional changes that occur during the specification of these two lineages from a common progenitor. These improved methods also yielded retinal organoids with expedited differentiation timelines when compared to traditional methods. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the development of a highly reproducible and minimally variable method for generating retinal organoids suitable for analyzing the earliest stages of human retinal cell fate specification.
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