ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
The roles of cancer stem cell-derived secretory factors in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Notch signaling regulates the secretion of pro-metastatic factors in extracellular vesicles in liposarcoma.Cancer letters · 2026Article
- Harnessing Cancer Stem Cells and 3D Organoids in Unravelling Spatial and Cellular Heterogeneity in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment via TFF3 targeting: a potential novel avenue to boost CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: platforms, updates, challenges and future perspectives.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Progress in the Application of Marine Polysaccharide Drug Delivery Systems in Tumor Immunotherapy: Multiple Mechanisms and Material Forms.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- The tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Chemokines: Orchestration of the Tumor Microenvironment and Control of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Next-Generation Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms of Resistance and Novel Treatment Approaches.Cancers · 2025Review
- Stage-dependent EZH2 methylation correlates with immune polarization, metabolic suppression, and unfavorable outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: therapy resistance and emerging treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have entered a new era of HCC treatment, their response rates are modest, which can be attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment within HCC tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown that tumor growth is fueled by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to therapeutic resistance to the above treatments. Given that CSCs can regulate cellular and physical factors within the tumor niche by secreting various soluble factors in a paracrine manner, there have been increasing efforts toward understanding the roles of CSC-derived secretory factors in creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide an update on how these secretory factors, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes, contribute to the immunosuppressive TME, which leads to immune resistance. In addition, we present current therapeutic strategies targeting CSC-derived secretory factors and describe future perspectives. In summary, a better understanding of CSC biology in the TME provides a rational therapeutic basis for combination therapy with ICIs for effective HCC treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.