ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2024
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Serotype Replacement After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Ontario, Canada, 2007-2022.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease burden, clinical characteristics, serotypes' distribution, immunization status and antimicrobial resistance: Evidence from 12-year hospital-based surveillance and cost analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Incidence of Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Canada.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The microbiological characteristics and diagnosis ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Cost effectiveness of a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults: A systematic review of economic evaluations.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2025Article
- Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015 to 2020.BMC health services research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: New vaccine products were recently authorized for protection against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Canada. Our aim was to determine age- and serotype-specific trends in IPD incidence and severity in Canada's largest province, Ontario. Methods: We included all confirmed IPD cases reported in Ontario and defined the pre-pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) era (01/2007 to 12/2010), post-PCV13 era (01/2011 to 12/2019), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era (01/2020 to 12/2022). We estimated incidence, hospitalization, and case fatality rate (CFR) by age. We grouped IPD cases by vaccine-specific serotypes (PCV13; PCV15-non-PCV13; PCV20-non-PCV13; PCV20-non-PCV15; polysaccharide 23-valent vaccine-non-PCV20; and non-vaccine-preventable [NVP]). We then compared incidence rates by age and serotype group in the pre- and post-PCV13 eras by calculating rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% CIs. Results: Incidence and hospitalizations declined from the pre- to post-PCV13 era in children aged <5 years (RR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.8; and RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9, respectively), but the CFR increased (1.4% to 2.3%). Other age groups saw smaller declines or more stable incidence rates across the years; hospitalizations increased in adults aged 50-64 years (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4) and ≥65 years (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1). For all ages, IPD cases and hospitalizations attributable to PCV13 serotypes declined, and those attributable to PCV15-non-PCV13, PCV20-non-PCV13, and NVP serotypes increased. IPD incidence declined during the COVID-19 era. Conclusions: IPD incidence and hospitalizations due to PCV13 serotypes decreased after PCV13 introduction but increased for other serotypes. Continued surveillance is required to evaluate changes to pneumococcal vaccination programs and ongoing changes to the distribution of IPD-causing serotypes.
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