ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2024
Immune cell phenotypes and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- What Do We Know About Immune System Aging from Human and Animal Studies?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune aging biomarkers for clinical trials.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Circulating immune cell phenotypes are associated with inflammatory biomarkers in dementia-free participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundGlobal life expectancy is rising, with the 60 + age group projected to hit 2 billion by 2050. Aging impacts the immune system. A notable marker of immune system aging is the presence of Aging-Related Immune Cell Phenotypes (ARIPs). Despite their importance, links between immune cell phenotypes including ARIPs and mortality are underexplored. We prospectively investigated 16 different immune cell phenotypes using flow cytometry and IL-6 in relation to survival outcome among dementia-free Framingham Heart Study (FHS) offspring cohort participants who attended the seventh exam (1998-2001).
resultsAmong 996 participants (mean age 62 years, range 40 to 88 years, 52% female), the 19-year survival rate was 65%. Adjusting for age, sex, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus, higher CD4/CD8 and Tc17/CD8 + Treg ratios were significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR: 0.86 [0.76-0.96], 0.84 [0.74-0.94], respectively), while higher CD8 regulatory cell levels (CD8 + CD25 + FoxP3 +) were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.17, [1.03-1.32]). Elevated IL-6 levels correlated with higher all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.43 [1.26-1.62], 1.70 [1.31-2.21], and 1.36 [1.18-1.57], respectively). However, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cancer alongside age, sex, and CMV, immune cell phenotypes were no longer associated with mortality in our cohort. Nonetheless, IL-6 remained significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HRs: 1.3 [1.13-1.49], 1.5 [1.12-1.99], respectively).
conclusionsIn 19-year follow-up, higher Tc17/CD8 + Treg and CD4/CD8 ratios were associated with lower all-cause mortality, while the CD8 + CD25 + FoxP3 + (CD8 + Treg) phenotype showed increased risk. Elevated IL-6 levels consistently correlated with amplified mortality risks. These findings highlight the links between immune phenotypes and mortality, suggesting implications for future research and clinical considerations.
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