ArticleThe Science of the total environment2024
Associations between toxicity-weighted concentrations and dementia risk: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between proximity to a lead-releasing facility and cognition in diverse cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic and environmental risk factors for dementia in African adults: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Industrial Air Toxicant Exposure and Individual Mortality: Evidence from the Americans' Changing Lives Cohort, 1986-2019.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Blue spaces and incident dementia: Differences by geospatial and historical contexts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Opportunities and shortcomings of AI for spatial epidemiology and health disparities research on aging and the life course.Health & place · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAir pollution is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. Yet, studies on specific sources of air pollution (i.e., toxic chemical emissions from industrial facilities) and dementia risk are scarce. We examined associations between toxicity-weighted concentrations of industrial pollution and dementia outcomes among a large, multi-site cohort of older adults.
methodsParticipants (n = 2770) were ≥ 65 years old (Mean = 75.3, SD = 5.1 years) from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study (1992-1999). Toxicity-weighted concentrations were estimated using the Risk Screening Environmental Indicator (RSEI) model which incorporates total reported chemical emissions with toxicity, fate, and transport models. Estimates were aggregated to participants' baseline census tract, averaged across 1988-1992, and log2-transformed. Dementia status was clinically adjudicated in 1998-1999 and categorized by subtype (Alzheimer's, vascular, mixed). We assessed whether RSEI-estimated toxicity-weighted concentrations were associated with 1) odds of prevalent dementia and 2) incident dementia risk by subtype.
resultsAfter adjusting for individual and census-tract level covariates, a doubling in toxicity-weighted concentrations was associated with 9 % higher odds of prevalent dementia (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.19). In discrete-time survival models, each doubling in toxicity-weighted concentrations was associated with a 16 % greater hazard of vascular dementia (HR = 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.34) but was not significantly associated with all-cause, Alzheimer's disease, or mixed dementia (p's > 0.05). DISCUSSION: Living in regions with higher toxicity-weighted concentrations was associated with higher odds of prevalent dementia and a higher risk of incident vascular dementia in this large, community-based cohort of older adults. These findings support the need for additional studies to examine whether toxic chemical emissions from industrial and federal facilities may be a modifiable target for dementia prevention.
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