ArticlePloS one2024
Update of the cooling protocol for antibiotic-free storage of boar semen at 5°C improves sperm quality and maintains low bacterial counts.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic-Free Hypothermic Storage of Boar Semen at 5 °C with Next-Day On-Farm Cooling: Fertility and Biosafety Under Field Conditions.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perspectives in porcine semen conservation (liquid and frozen).The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Preliminary study of pregnancy rates and litter sizes following artificial insemination of boar spermatozoa prepared by colloid centrifugation and hypothermic storage.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Colloid Centrifugation and Cold Storage of Boar Semen at 4 °C on Bacterial Load and Sperm Quality.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pre-cooling of boar semen before transport in a hot environment enhances biosafety.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Preserving boar semen at 5°C instead of the conventional storage temperature of 17°C would enable a reduction of antibiotic use in pig insemination. To protect the chilling-sensitive boar spermatozoa, holding the extended semen at a higher temperature before cooling could be beneficial and facilitate the implementation of the innovative preservation concept in practice, provided that bacterial growth is kept at a low level. The aim of this study was to introduce a holding time (HT) at 17°C before cooling and to examine the effect on sperm quality and bacterial growth compared to the original cooling protocol for antibiotic-free 5°C semen storage. A series of experiments with semen doses from eight boars extended in Androstar® Premium without conventional antibiotics revealed that sperm kinematics and the integrity of sperm plasma membranes and acrosomes were improved with HT between 16 and 24 h followed by delayed cooling with 0.04°C/min when compared to the original protocol for semen preservation at 5°C (p < 0.05). Both a shorter HT of 6 h and a faster cooling rate of 0.07°C/min reduced sperm quality (p < 0.05). The HT for 24 h did not compromise the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth during long-term semen storage at 5°C, not even in semen doses spiked with Serratia marcescens. In conclusion, semen storage at 5°C with the modified cooling protocol improved sperm quality and is antimicrobially efficient. It thus presents a ready-to-use tool for a reduction or replacement of antibiotics in pig insemination.
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