ArticleJAMA network open2024
Racial Discrimination and Risk for Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Among Black Youths.
Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Racism and alterations in brain structure and function: A narrative review of emerging neuroimaging evidence in racialized individuals.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- More Than Hurt Feelings: Associations Between Perceived Racial Discrimination and Mental Health, Substance Use, and Victimization Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Adolescents.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Trauma, discrimination, and intimate partner violence: intergenerational pathways in racially minoritized communities.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The impact of social determinants of health and trajectories of medication use on functional outcomes in children with ADHD: study protocol.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Associations between amygdala connectivity and experienced discrimination in children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Different stigmas, different patterns: unfair treatment maps onto bullying involvement through internalizing and externalizing problems.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Racial Discrimination-Related Interoceptive Network Disruptions: A Pathway to Disconnection.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Measurement invariance of the perceived discrimination scale across race/ethnicity and sex: Findings from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.SSM. Mental health · 2025Article
- Teen Perspectives on Integrating Digital Mental Health Programs for Teens Into Public Libraries ("I Was Always at the Library"): Qualitative Interview Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Connections between redlining, food access, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in Boston.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of racism-based stress injury: A feasibility and correlation study.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Racial discrimination is a psychosocial stressor associated with youths' risk for psychiatric symptoms. Scarce data exist on the moderating role of amygdalar activation patterns among Black youths in the US. Objective: To investigate the association between racial discrimination and risk for psychopathology moderated by neuroaffective processing. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used longitudinal self-report and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from Black youth participants in the US from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to May 2024. Exposures: At time 1 of the current study (12 months after baseline), youths self-reported on their experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination and their feelings of marginalization. Amygdalar response was measured during an emotionally valenced task that included blocks of faces expressing either neutral or negative emotion. Main Outcomes and Measures: At 24 and 36 months after baseline, youths reported their internalizing (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (aggression and rule-breaking symptoms). Results: A total of 1596 youths were a mean (SD) age of 10.92 (0.63) years, and 803 were female (50.3%). Families in the study had a mean annual income range of $25 000 to $34 999. Two factors were derived from factor analysis: interpersonal racial discrimination and feelings of marginalization (FoM). Using structural equation modeling in a linear regression, standardized β coefficients were obtained. Neural response to faces expressing negative emotion within the right amygdala significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in internalizing symptoms (β = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.07; P < .001). The response to negative facial emotion within the right amygdala significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in externalizing symptoms (β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.43; P = .02). Left amygdala response to negative emotion significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in externalizing symptoms (β = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.01; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of Black adolescents in the US, findings suggest that amygdala function in response to emotional stimuli can both protect and intensify the affective outcomes of feeling marginalized on risk for psychopathology, informing preventive interventions aimed at reducing the adverse effects of racism on internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Black youths.
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