ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2024
Cholinergic deficiency in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temporal assessment of behavior in Parkinson's visual hallucinations via a multidimensional analysis strategy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Imposter in the brain: aetiological, clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of Capgras syndrome.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Basal Forebrain Volume and Concurrent Hallucinations and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Parkinson's disease beyond motor symptoms: a review of the validity and limitations of current classification of non-motor symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Deviations in effective connectivity explain different hallucination subtypes in Parkinson's disease psychosis.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Reduced volume of neuromodulatory brainstem nuclei is associated with early hallucination-related vulnerability in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Altered attention and visuospatial abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: links to attention networks and basal ganglia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Combined Dysfunction of the Amygdala and Nucleus Basalis Underlies Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- APOE ε4 linked effects on clinical features and neuropathology in dementia with Lewy bodies.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Association of the number of minor hallucinations and well-structured visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Redefining Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Role of the Central Cholinergic Nervous System in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Visual hallucinations can increase the burden of disease for both patients with Parkinson's disease and their caregivers. Multiple neurotransmitters have been implicated in the neuropathology of visual hallucinations, which provide targets for treatment and prevention. In this study, we assessed the association between cholinergic denervation and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease in vivo, using PET imaging of the cholinergic system. A total of 38 patients with Parkinson's disease participated in this study. A group of 10 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex and education, was included for comparison. None of the participants used cholinergic drugs. Thirteen patients who had experienced visual hallucinations in the past month (VH+) were compared with 20 patients who had never experienced visual hallucinations in their lives (VH-). Cholinergic system integrity was assessed with PET imaging using 18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol as the tracer. We assessed the differences in tracer uptake between groups by cluster-based analysis and by analysis of predefined regions of interest consisting of the ventral visual stream, the dorsal attentional network, the ventral attentional network and the lateral geniculate nucleus and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The Parkinson's disease group (n = 38) showed an extensive pattern of decreased tracer uptake throughout the brain compared with the controls (n = 10). Within the Parkinson's disease group, the VH+ group (n = 13) showed a cluster of decreased tracer uptake compared with the VH- group (n = 20), which covered most of the left ventral visual stream and extended towards superior temporal areas. These results were mirrored in the regions of interest-based analysis, in which the VH+ group showed the strongest deficits in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus compared with the VH- group. Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are associated with a marked cholinergic deficiency in the left ventral visual stream and the left superior temporal lobe, in addition to an extensive global cholinergic denervation in the general Parkinson's disease population.
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