ArticleScientific reports2024
Tracking the evolution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and long-term humoral immunity within 2 years after COVID-19 infection.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal antibody correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a US household cohort during Omicron waves.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Fine specificity of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in patients with COVID-19.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Capturing SARS-CoV-2 immune landscapes to inform future strategies for COVID-19 vaccination in a high-income setting: a mathematical modelling study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- CRHR1 Gene Copy Number Variations, Chronic Viral Infections, and Age as Correlates of Cognitive Impairment in Adults After SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in saliva and serum post infection, and subsequent vaccination in South Africa.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in the Susceptibility of Older Adults to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Cell-free immuno-profiling on a genetically programmed biochip.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Cellular Immunological Memory T Cells andDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Magnetic bead-based electrochemical surrogate virus neutralization test for quantification of antibody neutralizing efficiency.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Article
- Long-Term Durability and Variant-Specific Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immunity over Two Years.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Differentiating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Responses Between Infection and Vaccination: Challenges for Epidemiological Research.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A Multi-Center Prospective Study on Post-Vaccination Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Polish Long-Term Care Facility Residents: Associations with COVID-19 Clinical Course and Comorbidities.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Romania: Insights from a Nationwide Antibody Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Protective Potential and Functional Role of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity in Immunocompetent European Adults: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- CXCL9 and CXCL10 support the exacerbated humoral response in recovered COVID-19 patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome by promoting plasma cell differentiation, whereas CXCL9 also induces CD40L and CXCR3 upregulation on T helper cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tracking the evolution of serum antibody levels and influencing factors post-SARS-CoV-2 infection among community residents in Fuzhou City.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Contrasting immune responses in COVID-19: insights from healthcare workers and infected patients on plasmablast, pDC, and NK cell dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Remission Period in Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Results From the DPV Registry.Pediatric diabetes · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that gave rise to COVID-19 infection produced a worldwide health crisis. The virus can cause a serious or even fatal disease. Comprehending the complex immunological responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential for identifying pivotal elements that shape the course of the disease and its enduring effects on immunity. The span and potency of antibody responses provide valuable perspicuity into the resilience of post-infection immunity. The analysis of existing literature reveals a diverse controversy, confining varying data about the persistence of particular antibodies as well as the multifaceted factors that impact their development and titer, Within this study we aimed to understand the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against nucleocapsid (anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N)) and spike (anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N)) proteins in long-term immunity in convalescent patients, as well as the factors influencing the production and kinetics of those antibodies. We collected 6115 serum samples from 1611 convalescent patients at different post-infection intervals up to 21 months Study showed that in the fourth month, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) exhibited their peak mean value, demonstrating a 79% increase compared to the initial month. Over the subsequent eight months, the peak value experienced a modest decline, maintaining a relatively elevated level by the end of study. Conversely, anti-SARS-CoV-2 (S) exhibited a consistent increase at each three-month interval over the 15-month period, culminating in a statistically significant peak mean value at the study's conclusion. Our findings demonstrate evidence of sustained seropositivity rates for both anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) and (S), as well as distinct dynamics in the long-term antibody responses, with anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) levels displaying remarkable persistence and anti-SARS-CoV-2 (S) antibodies exhibiting a progressive incline.
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