ArticleScientific reports2024
Assessment of drinking water quality using Water Quality Index and synthetic pollution index in urban areas of mega city Lahore: a GIS-based approach.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Accurate water quality assessment using IoNT-enabled deep learning frameworks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fluoride contamination and water quality fluctuations in Mianwali District Pakistan and its implications for human health and sustainable agriculture.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Environmental resistome of culturable gram-negative bacilli from the Yaque del Norte River: baseline genomic evidence for one health surveillance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Fractional orthopair fuzzy decision framework for sustainable water resource management in urban areas.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Calcium carbonate sediment corrosion and formation investigation in drinking water distribution network in Sough City, Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
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11 authors.
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the drinking water quality in the selected urban areas of Lahore and to comprehend the public health status by addressing the basic drinking water quality parameters. Total 50 tap water samples were collected from groundwater in the two selected areas of district Lahore i.e., Gulshan-e-Ravi (site 1) and Samanabad (site 2). Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory to elucidate physico-chemical parameters including pH, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness, magnesium hardness, and calcium hardness. These physico-chemical parameters were used to examine the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) in order to characterize the water quality. Results of th selected physico-chemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to determine the quality of drinking water. A GIS-based approach was used for mapping water quality, WQI, and SPI. Results of the present study revealed that the average value of temperature, pH, and DO of both study sites were within the WHO guidelines of 23.5 °C, 7.7, and 6.9 mg/L, respectively. The TDS level of site 1 was 192.56 mg/L (within WHO guidelines) and whereas, in site 2 it was found 612.84 mg/L (higher than WHO guidelines), respectively. Calcium hardness of site 1 and site 2 was observed within the range from 25.04 to 65.732 mg/L but, magnesium hardness values were higher than WHO guidelines. The major reason for poor water quality is old, worn-out water supply pipelines and improper waste disposal in the selected areas. The average WQI was found as 59.66 for site 1 and 77.30 for site 2. Results showed that the quality of the water was classified as "poor" for site 1 and "very poor " for site 2. There is a need to address the problem of poor water quality and also raise the public awareness about the quality of drinking water and its associated health impacts.
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