ReviewLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2024
Octopamine in the mushroom body circuitry for learning and memory.
Review in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hunger recruits a parallel circuit encoding alcohol reward.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Octopamine regulates neural circuits in the mushroom body and central complex, influencing sleep and arousal.iScience · 2026Article
- Selective octopaminergic tuning of mushroom body circuits during memory formation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Machine Learning for Separating Dopamine and Octopamine Electrochemical Signals in Drosophila.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Octopamine receptors inFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- The use ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Hunger Recruits a Parallel Circuit Encoding Alcohol Reward.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Monoamine-induced diacylglycerol signaling rapidly accumulates Unc13 in nanoclusters for fast presynaptic potentiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- What do the mushroom bodies do for the insect brain? Twenty-five years of progress.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Octopamine, the functional analog of noradrenaline, modulates many different behaviors and physiological processes in invertebrates. In the central nervous system, a few octopaminergic neurons project throughout the brain and innervate almost all neuropils. The center of memory formation in insects, the mushroom bodies, receive octopaminergic innervations in all insects investigated so far. Different octopamine receptors, either increasing or decreasing cAMP or calcium levels in the cell, are localized in Kenyon cells, further supporting the release of octopamine in the mushroom bodies. In addition, different mushroom body (MB) output neurons, projection neurons, and dopaminergic PAM cells are targets of octopaminergic neurons, enabling the modulation of learning circuits at different neural sites. For some years, the theory persisted that octopamine mediates rewarding stimuli, whereas dopamine (DA) represents aversive stimuli. This simple picture has been challenged by the finding that DA is required for both appetitive and aversive learning. Furthermore, octopamine is also involved in aversive learning and a rather complex interaction between these biogenic amines seems to modulate learning and memory. This review summarizes the role of octopamine in MB function, focusing on the anatomical principles and the role of the biogenic amine in learning and memory.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.