ArticleDiabetes care2024
Data-Driven Phenotyping of Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes Using Longitudinal Autoantibody Profiles.
Article in Diabetes care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single Autoantibody Positivity in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Serological Profiles, Clinical Trajectories and Implications for Early Disease Monitoring-A Case Series of Seven Patients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of Body Size on Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes Development and Progression.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Screening and Monitoring for Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes: A Time for Action.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Review
- Review
- Evolution of islet autoantibodies in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) prospective cohort.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Type 5 diabetes mellitus: nutritional-imprinted β-cell insufficiency, diagnostic gaps, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence-driven therapeutics for disease modification in type 1 diabetes: a digital public health and clinical translation framework.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Article
- Recognising, quantifying and accounting for classification uncertainty in type 2 diabetes subtypes.Diabetologia · 2025Observational
- Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes in the Era of Disease-Modifying Immune Therapy.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Review
- Autoantibody Profiling for Accurate Differentiation of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Omani Patients: A Retrospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Prediction to Prevention: The Intricacies of Islet Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo characterize distinct islet autoantibody profiles preceding stage 3 type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe T1DI (Type 1 Diabetes Intelligence) study combined data from 1,845 genetically susceptible prospectively observed children who were positive for at least one islet autoantibody: insulin autoantibody (IAA), GAD antibody (GADA), or islet antigen 2 antibody (IA-2A). Using a novel similarity algorithm that considers an individual's temporal autoantibody profile, age at autoantibody appearance, and variation in the positivity of autoantibody types, we performed an unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. Progression rates to diabetes were analyzed via survival analysis.
resultsWe identified five main clusters of individuals with distinct autoantibody profiles characterized by seroconversion age and sequence of appearance of the three autoantibodies. The highest 5-year risk from first positive autoantibody to type 1 diabetes (69.9%; 95% CI 60.0-79.2) was observed in children who first developed IAA in early life (median age 1.6 years) followed by GADA (1.9 years) and then IA-2A (2.1 years). Their 10-year risk was 89.9% (95% CI 81.9-95.4). A high 5-year risk was also found in children with persistent IAA and GADA (39.1%) and children with persistent GADA and IA-2A (30.9%). A lower 5-year risk (10.5%) was observed in children with a late appearance of persistent GADA (6.1 years). The lowest 5-year diabetes risk (1.6%) was associated with positivity for a single, often reverting, autoantibody.
conclusionsThe novel clustering algorithm identified children with distinct islet autoantibody profiles and progression rates to diabetes. These results are useful for prediction, selection of individuals for prevention trials, and studies investigating various pathways to type 1 diabetes.
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