ArticleClinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)2025
Upper end of the central canal of the human spinal cord: Quantitative anatomical study and 3D modeling.
Article in Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons are sensory neurons with uniform morphological and region-specific electrophysiological properties in the mouse spinal cord.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Upper end of the central canal of the human spinal cord: Quantitative anatomical study and 3D modeling.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Spinal cord morphology and PKD2L1Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The upper end of the central canal of the human spinal cord has been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, yet its precise normal position in the medulla oblongata and upper cervical spinal cord remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy of the upper end of the central canal with quantitative measurements and a three-dimensional (3D) model. Seven formalin-embalmed human brainstems were included, and the central canal was identified in serial axial histological sections using epithelial membrane antigen antibody staining. Measurements included the distances between the central canal (CC) and the anterior medullary fissure (AMF) and the posterior medullary sulcus (PMS). The surface and perimeter of the CC and the spinal cord were calculated, and its anterior-posterior and maximum lateral lengths were measured for 3D modeling. The upper end of the CC was identified in six specimens, extending from the apertura canalis centralis (ACC) to its final position in the cervical cord. Positioned on the midline, it reaches its final location approximately 15 mm below the obex. No specimen showed canal dilatation, focal stenosis, or evidence of syringomyelia. At 21 mm under the ACC in the cervical cord, the median distance from the CC to the AMF was 3.14 (2.54-3.15) mm and from the CC to the PMS was 5.19 (4.52-5.43) mm, with a progressive shift from the posterior limit to the anterior third of the cervical spinal cord. The median area of the CC was consistently less than 0.1 mm
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