ArticleTobacco induced diseases2024
Understanding the mediation effects of cigarettes per day on time to first cigarette and carcinogen biomarkers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with time to first cigarette upon waking: Findings from the Malaysian national tobacco survey 2023.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Dietary Patterns among Smokers and Non-Smokers: Findings from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018.Nutrients · 2024Article
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Abstract
introductionPrevious research indicates that cigarette smokers with a time to first cigarette (TTFC) of less than 30 minutes after waking up had significantly higher levels of carcinogen biomarkers compared to those with a TTFC of more than 30 minutes. The mediation (potential mediator: cigarettes smoked per day) between TTFC and carcinogen biomarkers, remains unclear and has yet to be established.
methodsMultivariable linear regression models were used to estimate adjusted geometric means (GMs) and ratios of GMs for urine biomarkers of VOCs by smokers' TTFC status (≤30 vs >30 min). Further, data from the NHANES 2015-2016 special sample were analyzed to assess the mediation between TTFC (exposure) and carcinogen biomarkers, including urine metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and cadmium.
resultsCigarette smokers with a short TTFC (≤30 min) presented significantly higher concentrations in 8 out of 17 urine metabolites of VOCs examined compared to smokers with TTFC >30 min. The association between exposure and carcinogen biomarkers was not mediated by CPD.
conclusionsCigarette smokers with a short TTFC (≤30 min) had significantly higher levels in VOCs, PAHs, and cadmium, but the association was not mediated by cigarettes smoked per day.
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