ArticleThe quarterly journal of economics2024
REPRESENTATION AND EXTRAPOLATION: EVIDENCE FROM CLINICAL TRIALS
Article in The quarterly journal of economics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Financial Incentives to Increase Diversity of Older Participants in a Memory Concerns Registry: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA health forum · 2025Trial
- The Effects of Low-Dose Esketamine Combined with Paravertebral Block on Postoperative Hyperalgesia and Enhanced Recovery in Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- "Coming Correct": Conducting Community Engagement Studios to Adapt Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for the Chronic Pain-Depression Comorbidity Among Older Black Adults.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Representation of Women, Older Adults, and Racial and Ethnic Minoritized Patients in Pivotal Trials for US Food and Drug Administration Novel Oncology Therapeutic Approvals, 2012-2021: Bright Spot Trials and Trends Over Time.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- From Tanzania to Washington, DC: Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and ADAPT-ITT Model to Guide the Development of a Community-Based PrEP Intervention for Black Adults.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- A comprehensive analysis of female participation in cardiovascular trials involving the WCN investigator network.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2025Article
- How Clinical Pharmacology Can Support Clinical Trial Diversity and Inclusion.Clinical and translational science · 2025Review
- From Dialogue to Action: Community Recommendations for Inclusive Research Participation Among Underrepresented Populations.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Building Better Medicine: Translational Justice and the Quest for Equity in US Healthcare.The American journal of bioethics : AJOB · 2025Article
- Measuring Representativeness in Clinical Trials.Circulation · 2025Review
- Artificial intelligence: Applications in cardio-oncology and potential impact on racial disparities.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Striking the Right Chord: Contextual Complexities in Cardiovascular Clinical Trial Representation.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- COVID-19 pandemic's relationship with enrollment at US Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- REPRESENTATION AND EXTRAPOLATION: EVIDENCE FROM CLINICAL TRIALSThe quarterly journal of economics · 2024Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Diversity in Population Neuroscience.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- When should global health actors prioritise more uncertain interventions?The Lancet. Global health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it is more representative of the group being treated. This generates the key result that the perceived benefit of a medicine for a group depends not only on the average benefit from a trial but also on the share of patients from that group who were enrolled in the trial. In survey experiments, we find that physicians who care for Black patients are more willing to prescribe drugs tested in representative samples, an effect substantial enough to close observed gaps in the prescribing rates of new medicines. Black patients update more on drug efficacy when the sample that the drug is tested on is more representative, reducing Black-white patient gaps in beliefs about whether the drug will work as described. Despite these benefits of representative data, our framework and evidence suggest that those who have benefited more from past medical breakthroughs are less costly to enroll in the present, leading to persistence in who is represented in the evidence base.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.