ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2024
PACAP-38 and sex hormones in women with migraine: exploratory analysis of a cross-sectional, matched cohort study.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Peptidomics profiling identifies endogenous peptides associated with meningeal afferent activation in a chronic migraine mouse model.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Hypothalamic and sex-related hormones in migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Phase-specific sequential press-needle therapy for menstrual migraine: a randomized trial protocol.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- PACAP-38 in Cluster Headache: A Prospective, Case-Control Study of a Potential Treatment Target.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Headaches and family planning: insights from a Japanese school-based survey.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of CGRP, VIP and PACAP-38 Levels in Migraine with and Without Aura: A Case-control Study.Annals of neurosciences · 2025Article
- Targeting PACAP: Beyond Migraine to Cluster, Menstrual, and Post-traumatic Headaches.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Migraine in men.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Sex hormone profiles in men with migraine: a cross-sectional, matched cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEndogeneous and exogeneous sex hormones can impact the frequency and severity of migraine attacks, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the relationship between female sex hormones and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) concentrations in plasma of women with migraine and healthy controls, aiming to elucidate potential hormonal influences on PACAP dynamics and their relevance to migraine pathophysiology.
methodsThis analysis is part of a cross-sectional, matched-cohort study. We recruited two groups of women with episodic migraine: one with a regular menstrual cycle (M-RMC) and another undergoing combined oral contraceptive treatment (M-COC). Additionally, we included corresponding age-matched control groups without migraine for both categories (C-RMC and C-COC). For participants with a RMC, the study visits were scheduled during the perimenstrual period (menstrual cycle day 2 ± 2) and periovulatory period (day 13 ± 2). Participants using COC were examined at day 4 ± 2 of the hormone-free interval and between day 7-14 of the hormone intake phase. During these visits, PACAP-38 concentrations in plasma were measured using a commercial Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.
resultsThe study included 120 women, with 30 participants in each group. Women with migraine and a RMC had significantly higher PACAP-38 plasma concentrations compared to healthy controls at both study visits [day 2 ± 2: M-RMC: 2547.41 pg/ml (IQR 814.27 - 4473.48) vs. C-RMC: 1129.49 pg/ml (IQR 257.34 - 2684.88), p = 0.025; day 13 ± 2: M-RMC: 3098.89 pg/ml (IQR 1186.29 - 4379.47) vs. C-RMC: 1626.89 (IQR 383.83 - 3038.36), p = 0.028]. In contrast, PACAP-38 levels were comparable between migraine and control groups receiving COC. Women with migraine and a RMC exhibited higher PACAP-38 concentrations during menstruation compared to those using COC during the hormone-free interval.
conclusionSystemic PACAP-38 concentrations in women vary based on the presence of migraine diagnosis and their hormonal status.
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