ReviewProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2025
Evaluation of blood and urine based biomarkers for detection of clinically-significant prostate cancer.
Review in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent advances in discriminating prostate cancer from benign prostatic diseases in the pre-biopsy population.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Stratified Analysis of Patients Within the PSA Gray Zone (4-10 ng/mL) and Its Clinical Application Value: Development of a Predictive Model for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Using Quantitative Indicators of PSA, ADC, and Relative T2 Value.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Current status of prostate cancer screening research].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Review
- Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Evaluation of Biological Techniques.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A rapid urinary test for combining PSA and zinc to enhance prostate cancer diagnosis: results from a prospective study.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Article
- Integrative advances in biomarker-driven prostate cancer management from genomic discovery to precision oncology.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Prostate Cancer Screening in Contemporary Era: PSA-Based Testing and Risk-Adapted Approaches.Cancers · 2026Review
- Epigenetic and Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer: Bridging Tumor Heterogeneity and Clinical Implementation.Cancers · 2026Review
- A Semen Panel Signature Comprising sTWEAK Cytokine Levels and Expression of exomiR-221-3p and exomiR-222-3p for Assessing Prostate Cancer Prognosis, Diagnostic Utility, and Detection of Upgrading During Active Surveillance.The Journal of urology · 2026Article
- Research progress and clinical translation prospects of the urinary tract microbiome in prostate cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Urine-based PSMA detection for noninvasive prostate cancer diagnosis: recent advances, translational challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Targeted prostate cancer screening using polygenic risk scores: lessons from the BARCODE1 trial.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Time is on our side - rethinking the concept of time to treatment for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Article
- Emerging Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Cancer: Innovations and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecognizing the limitations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the morbidity of prostate biopsies, several blood- and urine-based biomarkers have been proposed for pre-biopsy risk stratification. These assays aim to reduce the frequency of unnecessary biopsies (i.e., negative or Grade Group 1 [GG1]) while maintaining highly sensitive detection of clinically significant cancer (GG ≥ 2) prostate cancer.
methodsWe reviewed the literature describing the use of currently available blood- and urine-based biomarkers for detection of GG ≥ 2 cancer, including the Prostate Health Index (PHI), 4Kscore, MyProstateScore (MPS), SelectMDx, ExoDx Prostate Intelliscore (EPI), and IsoPSA. To facilitate clinical application, we focused on the use of biomarkers as a post-PSA secondary test prior to biopsy, as proposed in clinical guidelines. Our outcomes included test performance measures-sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV)-as well as clinical outcomes resulting from biomarker use (i.e., unnecessary biopsies avoided, GG ≥ 2 cancers missed).
resultsContemporary validation data (2015-2023) reveal that currently available biomarkers provide ~15-50% specificity at a sensitivity of 90-95% for GG ≥ 2 PCa. Clinically, this indicates that secondary use of biomarker testing in men with elevated PSA could allow for avoidance of up to 15-50% of unnecessary prostate biopsies, while preserving detection of 90-95% of GG ≥ 2 cancers that would be detected under the traditional "biopsy all" approach.
conclusionsThe contemporary literature further supports the proposed role of post-PSA biomarker testing to reduce the use of invasive biopsy while maintaining highly sensitive detection of GG ≥ 2 cancer. Questions remain regarding the optimal application of biomarkers in combination or in sequence with mpMRI.
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