Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38858245›Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2024

Feminization of the Forehead: A Scoping Literature Review and Cohort Study of Transfeminine Patients.

Sumun Khetpal, Fadi Dahoud, Aura Elias, Daniel C Sasson, Erin M Wolfe, Justine C Lee

Abstract readScoping Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sumun KhetpalDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 460, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Fadi DahoudDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 460, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Aura EliasDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 460, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Daniel C SassonDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Erin M WolfeDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Justine C LeeDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 460, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. justine@ucla.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFacial feminization may be performed to alleviate gender dysphoria among transfeminine patients. The upper third of the face has several characteristics, including hairline shape and position, brow position, and forehead protrusion, that may confer feminine identity. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping literature review of techniques performed for forehead feminization and to additionally study clinical outcomes within an institutional cohort.

methodsA systematic literature review was conducted to review articles that discussed techniques and clinical outcomes associated with procedures performed for feminization of the upper third of the face. A retrospective review of patients undergoing such procedures by the senior author was then conducted. Variables collected included demographic factors, operative details, and postoperative outcomes such as complications, revisions, and re-operations.

resultsInitial review yielded sixty-seven articles. Title and abstract review followed by standardized application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in a total of twenty-two studies for analysis. Priorities of forehead feminization entail frontal bossing reduction, frontonasal angle widening, orbital contouring, brow lifting, and hairline advancement. Eighty-five patients were included for analysis. The majority were of Caucasian race (56%) and had type 3 forehead classification (92%). The average planned setback of the anterior table was 4.12 mm.

conclusionsThe core tenets of the feminization of the forehead lie in the overall creation of a harmonic curvature of the forehead with other facial features. Our multi-pronged analysis presents an updated review of these principles, which may help plastic surgeons in performing procedures to feminize the upper third of the face. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Indexed as

ForeheadGender DysphoriaRhytidoplastyCohort StudiesEstheticsFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentTransgender PersonsTreatment OutcomeBrow liftFacial feminizationForehead feminizationFrontal bone contouringGender-affirming surgeryHairline advancement

Identifiers

PMID38858245
PMCPMC11455672

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.