ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2024
COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Long-Term Neutralizing Antibody Response : A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changing mindsets about methotrexate in the rheumatology clinic to reduce side effects and improve adherence: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal study of the immunological response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Instituto Português de Oncologia of Coimbra professionals.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Post-vaccine inflammation tracking: validation of a novel individualized digital inflammatory biomarker relative to serum biomarkers.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory mechanisms of menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Reactogenicity and Neutralizing Antibody Responses 6 Months Post-Vaccination with Monovalent COVID-19 Vaccine.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Development of a personalized digital biomarker of vaccine-associated reactogenicity using wearable sensors and digital twin technology.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with pituitary diseases: the experience of a Brazilian reference center.Pituitary · 2024Observational
- Examining the association of vaccine-related mindsets and post-vaccination antibody response, side effects, and affective outcomes.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Immune Dynamics, Omicron Specificity, and Predictive Modeling in Vaccinated Populations.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConcern about side effects is a common reason for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy.
objectiveTo determine whether short-term side effects of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination are associated with subsequent neutralizing antibody (nAB) response.
designProspective cohort study.
settingSan Francisco Bay Area.
participantsAdults who had not been vaccinated against or exposed to SARS-CoV-2, who then received 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. MEASUREMENTS: Serum nAB titer at 1 month and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. Daily symptom surveys and objective biometric measurements at each dose.
results363 participants were included in symptom-related analyses (65.6% female; mean age, 52.4 years [SD, 11.9]), and 147 were included in biometric-related analyses (66.0% female; mean age, 58.8 years [SD, 5.3]). Chills, tiredness, feeling unwell, and headache after the second dose were each associated with 1.4 to 1.6 fold higher nAB at 1 and 6 months after vaccination. Symptom count and vaccination-induced change in skin temperature and heart rate were all positively associated with nAB across both follow-up time points. Each 1 °C increase in skin temperature after dose 2 was associated with 1.8 fold higher nAB 1 month later and 3.1 fold higher nAB 6 months later. LIMITATIONS: The study was conducted in 2021 in people receiving the primary vaccine series, making generalizability to people with prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or exposure unclear. Whether the observed associations would also apply for neutralizing activity against non-ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains is also unknown.
conclusionConvergent self-report and objective biometric findings indicate that short-term systemic side effects of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination are associated with greater long-lasting nAB responses. This may be relevant in addressing negative attitudes toward vaccine side effects, which are a barrier to vaccine uptake. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institute on Aging.
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