ReviewJournal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association2024
Conceptualizing the Commercialization of Human Milk: A Concept Analysis.
Review in Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Providing Choice: Exploring Maternal Perceptions of Infant Feeding When Supplementation Is Required.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- A Framework for Evaluation of New Processing Technologies in Human Milk Banking.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Review
- Bridging the Milk Gap: Integrating a Human Milk Bank-Blood Bank Model to Reinforce Lactation Support and Neonatal Care.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDonor human milk is recommended when infants are unable to be fed their mother's own milk or require supplementation. For-profit companies use technologies to create human milk products for infants in the neonatal intensive care setting without consistent guidelines and regulatory frameworks in place. This commercialization of human milk is inadequately conceptualized and ill-defined. RESEARCH
aimsThe aim of this study is to conceptualize and define the commercialization of human milk and discuss the need for policy guidelines and regulations.
methodUsing a concept analysis framework, we reviewed the literature on the commercialization of human milk, analyzed the antecedents and potential consequences of the industry, and developed a conceptual definition. The literature review resulted in 13 relevant articles.
resultsThere has been a surge in the development and availability of human milk products for vulnerable infants developed by for-profit companies. Commercialized human milk can be defined as the packaging and sale of human milk and human milk components for financial gain. Factors contributing to the commercialization of human milk include an increased demand for human milk, and consequences include potential undermining of breastfeeding. The lack of guidelines and regulations raises concerns of equity, ethics, and safety.
conclusionThe industry is rapidly growing, resulting in an urgent need for consistent guidelines and regulatory frameworks. If left unaddressed, there could be potential risks for donor milk banking, the future of breastfeeding, and infant and maternal health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.