ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2024
Consumption of antibiotics in Brazil - an analysis of sales data between 2014 and 2019.
Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazil: Insights from a Nationwide Online Survey.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Stewardship without walls: taming the unregulated antibiotic economy to contain antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Community Pharmacists' Perspectives on Antibiotic Misuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Cyprus: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Healthcare-associated infections in an intensive care unit: a descriptive study, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, 2018-2021.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2026Article
- Through the Pharmacist's Lens: A Qualitative Study of Antibiotic Misuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazilian Communities.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Temporal Trend in Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Sales in Brazilian Drugstores.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Cost Analysis of Postoperative Medications in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeast India.Cureus · 2025Article
- Highly resistant Salmonella Heidelberg circulating in broiler farms in southern Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial sales profile in Brazil from 2014 to 2021: analysis of records from the National System of Controlled Products Management.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Fighting antimicrobial resistance in Brazil: strengthening diagnostic stewardship, antimicrobial stewardship, and policies for a healthier future.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAntibiotic consumption is a driver for the increase of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study is to analyze variations in antibiotic consumption and its appropriate use in Brazil from 2014 to 2019.
methodsWe conducted a time series study using the surveillance information system database (SNGPC) from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency. Antimicrobials sold in retail pharmacies were evaluated. All antimicrobials recorded for systemic use identified by the active ingredient were eligible. Compounded products and formulations for topic use (dermatological, gynecological, and eye/ear treatments) were excluded. The number of defined daily doses (DDDs)/1,000 inhabitants/day for each antibiotic was attributed. The number of DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DDIs) was used as a proxy for consumption. Results were stratified by regions and the average annual percentage change in the whole period studied was estimated. We used the WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) framework to categorize antimicrobial drugs.
resultsAn overall increase of 30% in consumption from 2014 to 2019 was observed in all Brazilian regions. Amoxicillin, azithromycin and cephalexin were the antimicrobials more consumed, with the Southeast region responsible for more than 50% of the antibiotic utilization. Among all antimicrobials analyzed 45.0% were classified as watch group in all Brazilian regions.
conclusionWe observed a significant increase in antibiotics consumption from 2014 to 2019 in Brazil restricted to the Northeast and Central West regions. Almost half of the antibiotics consumed in Brazil were classified as watch group, highlighting the importance to promote rational use in this country.
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