ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2024
Tobacco Images Choice and its Association With Craving and Dependence in People Who Smoke Cigarettes.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Attentional bias toward emotional and cigarette cues: Insights from a computer mouse-tracking task in adults who smoke and adults who do not smoke.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Unhealthy food bias in food addiction: behavioral evidence from a probabilistic image choice task.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Moving Beyond Self-Report in Characterizing Drug Addiction: Using Drug-Biased Behavior to Predict Treatment Completion and Dropout in Heroin-Primary, Medication-Maintained Opioid Use Disorder.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- The Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution Model of Drug Addiction: Recent Neuroimaging Evidence and Future Directions.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- Moving beyond animal models: enriched environments and human substance use disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
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Abstract
introductionIncreased salience of drug-related cues over nondrug reinforcers can drive drug use and contribute to tobacco use disorder (TUD). An important scientific and clinical goal is to effectively measure this elevated drug-seeking behavior in TUD. However, most TUD assessments rely on self-reported cravings and cigarette consumption, not providing an objective measure of the impact of drug cues on biasing behavior toward drugs. The probabilistic image choice (PIC) task investigates the choice of viewing drug-related pictures as compared to other salient pictures (eg, pleasant and unpleasant). This study aimed to develop and validate the PIC task for TUD and evaluate the associations between behavioral choice and tobacco craving, daily cigarette consumption, quit attempts and motivation to quit, and nicotine dependence (the Fagerström score).
methodsWe recruited 468 smokers and 121 nonsmokers using the Prolific online platform. Participants performed the PIC task twice (at a 1-month interval) and completed other measures relevant to TUD.
resultsCompared to nonsmokers, tobacco smokers selected to view significantly more tobacco images and less pleasant (nondrug reinforcer) images, a profile that remained stable at retest. Individual differences in choice of tobacco as compared to pleasant images on the PIC task were associated with craving but not with the other tobacco dependence measures, suggesting that the task may serve as a behavioral proxy measure of drug "wanting" rather than of cumulative nicotine exposure or physical dependence.
conclusionsThese results suggest that the PIC task can be a valuable tool for objectively assessing craving-associated tobacco seeking in TUD. IMPLICATIONS: Most of the current measures of TUD rely on self-reports of consumption, dependence, and craving, and do not take into consideration the role of drug-related cues in driving tobacco seeking. This study shows that the PIC task provides an objective, reliable proxy measure of tobacco image-seeking behavior in people who smoke cigarettes that is linked to craving (desire) for smoking but not to other measures of TUD. Therefore, the PIC task may be a useful complementary tool for the classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of TUD.
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