ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
Cognitive deficits and cortical volume loss in COVID-19-related hyposmia.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Are They Related?Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Structural Brain Abnormalities and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Post-COVID Condition.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional Neuroimaging, Neurophysiology, and Intervention Studies.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Cognitive deficits and cortical volume loss in COVID-19-related hyposmia.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeStudies have found that up to 73% of COVID-19 patients experience hyposmia. It is unclear if the loss of smell in COVID-19 is due to damage to the peripheral or central mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the impacts of COVID-19-induced hyposmia on brain structure and cognitive functions.
methodsThe study included 36 hyposmic (h-COV) and 21 normosmic (n-COV) participants who had recovered from mild COVID-19 infection, as well as 25 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent neurological examination, neuropsychiatric assessment and Sniffin' Sticks tests. High-resolution anatomical images were collected; olfactory bulb (OB) volume and cortical thickness were measured.
resultsAddenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised total and language sub-scores were slightly but significantly lower in the h-COV group compared to the HC group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.037). The h-COV group exhibited poorer performance in the Sniffin' Sticks test terms of discrimination score, identification score and the composite score compared to the n-COV and HC groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively). A decrease in left and right OB volumes was observed in the h-COV group compared to the n-COV and HC groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.006 respectively). The cortical thickness analysis revealed atrophy in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex in the h-COV group compared to HCs. A significant low positive correlation of varying degrees was detected between discrimination and identification scores and both OB and left orbital sulci.
conclusionTemporary or permanent hyposmia after COVID-19 infection leads to atrophy in the OB and olfactory-related cortical structures and subtle cognitive problems in the long term.
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