ArticleBMC ophthalmology2024
Prevalence and characteristics of amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive errors among patients aged 3-16 years in Shanghai, China: a hospital-based population study.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors influencing refractive status distribution and amblyopia in preschool children with low vision.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Clinical factors associated with impaired near stereoacuity in children and adolescents with intermittent exotropia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Distribution and Patterns of Refractive Errors in a Pediatric Amblyopic Cohort Aged 3-5 Years: A Descriptive Study in a Pakistani Tertiary Eye Care Center.Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Distribution of refractive errors and horizontal concomitant strabismus in Iraqi children.PloS one · 2026Article
- Anisometropia in bilateral hyperopic refractive amblyopia requires eye patching.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Experiences and Support Needs of Parents of Children with Strabismus: A Family Systems Theory Perspective.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundFunctional visual impairments in children are primarily caused by amblyopia or strabismus. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of amblyopia and strabismus among individuals aged 3-16 years in Shanghai, China.
methodsFrom February 2023 to February 2024, this hospital-based, cross-sectional study included data of children who visited the Ophthalmology Department of Shanghai General Hospital. Comprehensive ocular examinations included visual acuity measurement after cycloplegic refraction, slit lamp examination, cover test, and dilated fundus examination. Descriptive statistics were performed to estimate the proportion and clinical characteristics of amblyopia and strabismus.
resultsA total of 920 children were enrolled in our study. Among them, 223 (24.24%) children were identified as amblyopia. Unilateral amblyopia occupied 57.85%, and bilateral amblyopia occupied 42.15%. Most participants were within the age range of 5-10 years (75.97% for unilateral amblyopia, and 70.21% for bilateral amblyopia). Anisometropia was the primary cause of unilateral amblyopia (68.99%). Most amblyopic children have high hyperopia (38.76% for unilateral amblyopia, and 39.89% for bilateral amblyopia). 30 (3.26%) children were diagnosed with strabismus, and 19 (63.3%) of them were aged 5-10 years. Seven of the children had both strabismus and amblyopia.
conclusionThe proportion of patients with amblyopia and strabismus was determined as 24.24% and 3.26% in our study. Anisometropia was the leading cause of unilateral amblyopia, whereas high hyperopia was a crucial refractive error in the amblyopic population. These findings shed light on further longitudinal studies targeting the age-related changes in amblyopia, strabismus and refraction errors. Therefore, efforts should be made to manage uncorrected refractive errors, amblyopia, and strabismus among children in Shanghai.
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