ReviewJournal of Parkinson's disease2024
Effectiveness of Continuous Dopaminergic Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Review of L-DOPA Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics.
Review in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Levodopa and Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Intracerebroventricular anaerobic dopamine in Parkinson's disease with L-dopa-related complications: a phase 1/2 randomized-controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Real-world neuropsychiatric safety profile of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- A case of monotherapy with intracerebroventricular anaerobic dopamine allows complete control of Parkinson's disease symptoms.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Population pharmacokinetic analyses comparing immediate-release levodopa/carbidopa, controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa, and IPX203. Findings from a phase 1 study in healthy volunteers.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Lycopene in Parkinson's Disease Mice: Potential Modulation of DAT/SLC6A3-Mediated Dopaminergic Pathway.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Reflexive eye movement alterations are related to subclinical impulsive-compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Advancing the Treatment of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease with a Next-Generation Levodopa/Carbidopa Formulation.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Neuromodulatory role and therapeutic potential of N 6 -methyladenosine RNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology in Parkinson's Disease: overcoming drug delivery challenges and enhancing therapeutic outcomes.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Motor and non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: the knowns and unknowns of current therapeutic approaches.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Optoelectronic Interfaces for Nongenetic Modulation of Excitable Tissues.Small methods · 2026Review
- Advances in Coumarin Fluorescent Probes for Medical Diagnostics: A Review of Recent Developments.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Microwave Imaging for Parkinson's Disease Detection: A Phantom-Based Feasibility Study Using Temperature-Controlled Dielectric Variations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease: Bridging Gaps, Building Biomarkers, and Reimagining Clinical Translation.Cells · 2025Review
- Xifeng Jiannao pill mitigates MPTP-induced neuronal apoptosis by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress via MAPK signaling.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Contribution of dopaminergic polymorphisms to levodopa treatment response and drug concentration in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Research progress of multimodal biomarkers in the early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Parkinson disease therapy: current strategies and future research priorities.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by striatal dopamine deficiency. Since dopamine cannot cross the digestive and blood-brain barriers, its precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA), remains the mainstay of treatment. However, the significant pharmacokinetic (Pk) and pharmacodynamic (Pd) limitations of L-DOPA, combined with the severity of PD, may trigger motor and non-motor complications, for which continuous dopaminergic delivery therapies have been developed. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the literature on the Pk/Pd limitations of L-DOPA and how current treatments of continuous dopaminergic administration ameliorate these problems, in order to identify the need for new therapeutic avenues. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed and 75 articles were initially extracted. Following independent screening by two reviewers and consideration of eligibility, 10 articles were chosen for further analysis. Information concerning the Pk/Pd of L-DOPA was classified for each article. Results: Pk/Pd problems notably include: (i) restricted digestive and cerebral absorption; (ii) unnecessary peripheral distribution; (iii) short half-life; (iv) age- and PD-induced decline of central aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; (v) misdistribution in many cells; and (vii) pulsatile stimulation of dopaminergic receptors. Current treatments only slightly ameliorate some of these problems. Conclusions: Many Pk/Pd constraints are not resolved by existing continuous dopaminergic delivery therapies. This highlights the significant gap between these treatments and the ideal of continuous dopaminergic stimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.