ArticleOncoimmunology2024
HUNK as a key regulator of tumor-associated macrophages in triple negative breast cancer.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Macrophage-intrinsic and IL-9-dependent arginine metabolism promotes lung tumor growth.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Hormonally upregulated neu tumor-associated kinase (HUNK) modulates gastric cancer progression through the regulation of cell homeostasis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Modulating hormonally upregulated neu-associated kinase (HUNK) activity in breast cancer: The development of HUNK inhibitors.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- Placental transcriptome analysis in opioid-exposed versus non-opioid exposed pregnancies.Placenta · 2025Article
- Macrophages: Key Players in the Battle against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC tumors are not sensitive to endocrine therapy, and standardized TNBC treatment regimens are lacking. TNBC is a more immunogenic subtype of breast cancer, making it more responsive to immunotherapy intervention. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute one of the most abundant immune cell populations in TNBC tumors and contribute to cancer metastasis. This study examines the role of the protein kinase HUNK in tumor immunity. Gene expression analysis using NanoString's nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling panel identified that targeting HUNK is associated with changes in the IL-4/IL-4 R cytokine signaling pathway. Experimental analysis shows that HUNK kinase activity regulates IL-4 production in mammary tumor cells, and this regulation is dependent on STAT3. In addition, HUNK-dependent regulation of IL-4 secreted from tumor cells induces polarization of macrophages into an M2-like phenotype associated with TAMs. In return, IL-4 induces cancer metastasis and macrophages to produce epidermal growth factor. These findings delineate a paracrine signaling exchange between tumor cells and TAMs regulated by HUNK and dependent on IL-4/IL-4 R. This highlights the potential of HUNK as a target for reducing TNBC metastasis through modulation of the TAM population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.