Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38845057›Full record

ArticleMolecular autism2024

Measuring self and informant perspectives of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRBs): psychometric evaluation of the Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-3 (RBQ-3) in adult clinical practice and research settgs.

Catherine R G Jones, Lucy A Livingston, Christine Fretwell, Mirko Uljarević, Sarah J Carrington, Punit Shah, Susan R Leekam

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In one paragraph

Article in Molecular autism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A Factor-Analytic Approach for Psychometric Properties of the Repetitive Behaviors Questionnaire-3 (RBQ-3) for Turkish Population.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Catherine R G JonesWales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. jonescr10@cardiff.ac.uk.
Lucy A LivingstonWales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Christine FretwellIntegrated Autism Service, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Pontypool, Wales, UK.
Mirko UljarevićDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US.
Sarah J CarringtonSchool of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Punit ShahDepartment of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Susan R LeekamWales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Funding

Leverhulme Trust EM-2021-053\10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBrief questionnaires that comprehensively capture key restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) across different informants have potential to support autism diagnostic services. We tested the psychometric properties of the 20-item Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-3 (RBQ-3), a questionnaire that includes self-report and informant-report versions enabling use across the lifespan.

methodIn Study 1, adults referred to a specialised adult autism diagnostic service (N = 110) completed the RBQ-3 self-report version, and a relative or long-term friend completed the RBQ-3 informant-report version. Clinicians completed the abbreviated version of the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO-Abbreviated) with the same adults as part of the diagnostic process. For half of the assessments, clinicians were blind to the RBQ-3 ratings. We tested internal consistency, cross-informant reliability and convergent validity of the RBQ-3. In Study 2, a follow-up online study with autistic (N = 151) and non-autistic (N = 151) adults, we further tested internal consistency of the RBQ-3 self-report version. We also tested group differences and response patterns in this sample.

resultsStudy 1 showed good to excellent internal consistency for both self- and informant-report versions of the RBQ-3 (total score, α = 0.90, ω = 0.90, subscales, α = 0.76-0.89, ω = 0.77-0.88). Study 1 also showed cross-informant reliability as the RBQ-3 self-report scores significantly correlated with RBQ-3 informant-report scores for the total score (r LIMITATIONS: Due to the characteristics and scope of the specialist autism diagnostic service, further testing is needed to include representative samples of age (including children) and intellectual ability, and those with a non-autistic diagnostic outcome.

conclusionsThe RBQ-3 is a questionnaire of RRBs that can be used across the lifespan. The current study tested its psychometric properties with autistic adults without intellectual disability and supported its utility for both clinical diagnostic and research settings.

Indexed as

PsychometricsSelf ReportAdolescentAdultAutism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAutismClinical serviceDISCORBQ-3Restricted and repetitive behavioursSelf-report questionnaireValidity

Identifiers

PMID38845057
PMCPMC11157832

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.