ArticleNature medicine2024
Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission.
Article in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- ART-free HIV-1 remission in children with in-utero HIV-1 after very early ART (IMPAACT P1115): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study.The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Vertical HIV-1 Transmission Risk in Uganda Varies by Sex of Child and Maternal Viral Subtype.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Increases in total HIV-1 nucleic acid in whole blood precede plasma RNA rebound during pediatric analytical treatment interruption.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of sex differences in adult and paediatric HIV-1 cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells in pediatric HIV cure strategies: from viral control to immunotherapeutics.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Dynamics of Intact and Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Proviruses During Decades of Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral therapy blocks natural selection on protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B alleles in HIV-1 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- CROI 2026: Antiretroviral THerapy in Adult, Maternal, and Pediatric Populations With HIV.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Factors Influencing HIV Infection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Immune correlates of HIV-1 rebound during broadly neutralizing antibody treatment in young children.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- HIV Cure Research: Ethical and Real-World Practical Considerations for Pediatric and Adolescent Populations.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- Persistent Seronegativity and Absence of Intact Proviruses Despite Prolonged Initial Viremia in Early-Treated Perinatal HIV Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Distinct viral reservoirs and immune signatures in individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy with perinatally acquired HIV-1.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Stepping stones to cure in children with HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Article
- Immune signatures and biomarkers of viral control in early-treated children with HIV: insights informing intervention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Autovaccination revisited: potential to boost antiviral immunity and facilitate HIV-1 cure/remission in children.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Human models that inform antiretroviral therapy-free remission with perinatally acquired HIV infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Intact HIV DNA decays in children with and without complete viral load suppression.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of sex on HIV immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
39 authors.
Funding
Abstract
After sporadic reports of post-treatment control of HIV in children who initiated combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) early, we prospectively studied 284 very-early-cART-treated children from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, after vertical HIV transmission to assess control of viremia. Eighty-four percent of the children achieved aviremia on cART, but aviremia persisting to 36 or more months was observed in only 32%. We observed that male infants have lower baseline plasma viral loads (P = 0.01). Unexpectedly, a subset (n = 5) of males maintained aviremia despite unscheduled complete discontinuation of cART lasting 3-10 months (n = 4) or intermittent cART adherence during 17-month loss to follow-up (n = 1). We further observed, in vertically transmitted viruses, a negative correlation between type I interferon (IFN-I) resistance and viral replication capacity (VRC) (P < 0.0001) that was markedly stronger for males than for females (r = -0.51 versus r = -0.07 for IFN-α). Although viruses transmitted to male fetuses were more IFN-I sensitive and of higher VRC than those transmitted to females in the full cohort (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0003, respectively), the viruses transmitted to the five males maintaining cART-free aviremia had significantly lower replication capacity (P < 0.0001). These data suggest that viremic control can occur in some infants with in utero-acquired HIV infection after early cART initiation and may be associated with innate immune sex differences.
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