Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38841291›Full record

ArticleBio-protocol2024

From Llama to Nanobody: A Streamlined Workflow for the Generation of Functionalised VHHs.

Lauren E-A Eyssen, Siva Ramadurai, Sahar Abdelkarim, Imogen Buckle, Katy Cornish, Hong Lin, A K Jones, Gary J Stephens, Raymond J Owens

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bio-protocol, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. What nanobodies can do for you.Nature methods · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lauren E-A EyssenStructural Biology, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
Siva RamaduraiStructural Biology, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
Sahar AbdelkarimStructural Biology, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
Imogen BuckleStructural Biology, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
Katy CornishStructural Biology, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
Hong LinSchool of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK.
A K JonesCentre for Dairy Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG2 9HY, UK.
Gary J StephensSchool of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK.
Raymond J OwensStructural Biology, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanobodies are recombinant antigen-specific single domain antibodies (VHHs) derived from the heavy chain-only subset of camelid immunoglobulins. Their small molecular size, facile expression, high affinity, and stability have combined to make them unique targeting reagents with numerous applications in the biomedical sciences. From our work in producing nanobodies to over sixty different proteins, we present a standardised workflow for nanobody discovery from llama immunisation, library building, panning, and small-scale expression for prioritisation of binding clones. In addition, we introduce our suites of mammalian and bacterial vectors, which can be used to functionalise selected nanobodies for various applications such as in imaging and purification. Key features • Standardise the process of building nanobody libraries and finding nanobody binders so that it can be repeated in any lab with reasonable equipment. • Introduce two suites of vectors to functionalise nanobodies for production in either bacterial or mammalian cells.

Indexed as

Camelid heavy chain–only antibodyNanobodyNanobody labellingPhage display

Identifiers

PMID38841291
PMCPMC10958182

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.