Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38840830›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2024

Use of online food delivery services among adults in five countries from the International Food Policy Study 2018-2021.

Adyya Gupta, Gary Sacks, Adrian J Cameron, Catherine E Huggins, Anna Peeters, Kathryn Backholer, Lana Vanderlee, Christine M White, Tailane Scapin, Clara Gomez-Donoso and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Combo Deals, Junk Meals: A Systematic Review Examining the Healthiness of Foods Promoted on Meal Delivery Apps.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
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  8. Profiling users and non-users of meal delivery services in Belgium using latent class analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
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  9. Review
  10. Non-Linear Socioeconomic Inequality in the Distribution of Food Outlets in Metropolitan Melbourne and Regional Victoria, Australia.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Adyya GuptaDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Gary SacksDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Adrian J CameronDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Catherine E HugginsDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Anna PeetersDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Kathryn BackholerDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Lana VanderleeSchool of Nutrition, Centre NUTRISS (Nutrition, santé et société), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Christine M WhiteSchool of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Tailane ScapinDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Clara Gomez-DonosoDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Rebecca BennettDeakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, VIC 3220, Australia.
Joel A DubinSchool of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
David HammondSchool of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: Online food delivery services (OFDS) are popular for purchasing meals prepared outside home, increasing access to energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods. This adversely impacts dietary choices and health outcomes. Our study examined trends in OFDS use in Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) from 2018 to 2021. Methods: Repeated annual cross-sectional data was sourced from the International Food Policy Study for five countries among adults over 18 years (N = 83,337). Weighted estimates for trends in i) the proportion of the respondent's purchasing meals per week using OFDS, and ii) average number (and standard deviation (SD)) of meals purchased per week using OFDS were assessed. Logistic regression models were fitted. Findings: OFDS use increased among adults between 2018-2021 (Australia: 17 % of respondents purchased at least one meal in the last 7 days using OFDS in 2018 to 25 % in 2021, Canada: 12 % to 19 %, Mexico: 28 % to 38 %, UK: 19 % to 28 %, and US: 17 % to 21 %). Average number of meals purchased per week outside home remained consistent for all countries over time (e.g., in Australia, 2.70 (SD 0.06) meals in 2018 and 2.63 (SD 0.06) in 2021). However, average number of meals purchased using OFDS nearly doubled between 2018 and 2021 (e.g., in Australia, 0.45 (SD 0.03) meals in 2018 to 0.81 (SD 0.04) in 2021). Conclusion: OFDS use is increasing and are substituting the conventional forms of purchasing meals outside home. Nutritional quality of foods sold, marketing practices and purchasing patterns on OFDS deserve further attention.

Indexed as

DietFood deliveryFood environmentNon-communicable diseasesOnline food deliveryPublic healthTrends

Identifiers

PMID38840830
PMCPMC11152731

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.