ReviewJournal of traumatic stress2024
The three axioms of resilience.
Review in Journal of traumatic stress, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cognitive Resilience Training to Prevent PTSD and Major Depressive Disorder in Paramedic Recruits: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Traumatic Bereavement Among Incarcerated Women: Understanding and Responding to Complex Grief After the Death of a Child.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Gulliver travels into psychosis-inspired by Dean Swift's own experience].Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Article
- The relative importance of resilience factors prior, during, and after stress-inducing exams in medical students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Candidate transdiagnostic processes linking potentially traumatic experiences to psychopathology, mental well-being and resilience in emerging adults.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Strengths-based resilience: the biopsychosocial factors that differentiate 12-year mental well-being trajectories following adverse childhood experiences.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Emotion regulation variability and chronic pain: An ecological momentary assessment study.Behaviour research and therapy · 2026Article
- Neuroscience-Informed Creative Group Therapy for Processing Trauma and Developing Resilience During Wartime.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Types of Adversity, Perceived Stressfulness and Resilience in Older Men and Women.Journal of aging research · 2026Article
- Article
- Resilience among adults with chronic urologic pelvic pain syndrome: A flexible self-regulation perspective.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Factors Influencing Resilience in a Sample of Victims of Armed Conflict in Colombia: A Quantitative Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A commentary on Bonanno and Westphal's (2024) three axioms of resilience: Application to military contexts.Journal of traumatic stress · 2025Article
- Person-centered analyses reveal that developmental adversity at moderate levels and neural threat/safety discrimination are associated with lower anxiety in early adulthood.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Resilience and adaptations-insights from Norwegian adolescents with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article summarizes the growing literature on resilience in the face of aversive and potentially traumatic events (PTEs) in three basic axioms: (a) resilience is a common outcome, 2) there are no "key" traits to resilience (resilience is not a type), and (c) resilient outcomes occur through flexible self-regulation. The first axiom highlights the limitation of a traditional, binary view of trauma in terms of the presence-absence of posttraumatic stress disorder, emphasizing instead the heterogeneity of trauma outcomes. Four prototypical trajectories are reviewed: chronic symptoms; delayed symptoms; recovery; and the most common trajectory, resilience. The second axiom reviews the paradoxical inability of known correlates of resilience to adequately predict resilient outcomes. Resilience is instead described as a multifaceted phenomenon with no singular set of key traits, as various factors contribute to resilient outcomes in complex ways. The third axiom provides an explanation of how resilience can emerge from this complex array by introducing the concept of flexible self-regulation. The flexibility mindset is described as providing the motivation for flexible responding. The flexibility sequence is described as explaining the mechanisms underlying flexibility in terms of three serial stages: context sensitivity, strategy repertoire, and feedback adjustment. The final section briefly considers clinical implications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.