Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38840154›Full record

ArticleRespiratory research2024

Influenza A, Influenza B, human respiratory syncytial virus and SARSCoV-2 molecular diagnostics and epidemiology in the post COVID-19 era.

Manca Luštrek, Zala Cesar, Alen Suljič, Rok Kogoj, Nataša Knap, Monika Jevšnik Virant, Tina Uršič, Miroslav Petrovec, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Miša Korva

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Respiratory research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Manca LuštrekInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-4592
Zala CesarInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-0451
Alen SuljičInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-7931
Rok KogojInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-4923
Nataša KnapInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-7302
Monika Jevšnik VirantInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-8964
Tina UršičInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-7167
Miroslav PetrovecInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8498-7786
Tatjana Avšič-ŽupancInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-0688
Miša KorvaInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia. misa.korva@mf.uni-lj.si.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-1004

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe concurrent circulation of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses is unstoppable and represents a new diagnostic reality for clinicians and clinical microbiology laboratories. Multiplexed molecular testing on automated platforms that focus on the simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses in a single tube is a useful approach for current and future diagnosis of respiratory infections in the clinical setting.

methodsTwo time periods were included in the study: from February to April 2022, an early 2022 period, during the gradual lifting of COVID-19 prevention measures in the country, and from October 2022 to April 2023, the 2022/23 respiratory infections season. We analysed a total of 1,918 samples in the first period and 18,131 respiratory samples in the second period using a multiplex molecular assay for the simultaneous detection of Influenza A (Flu-A), Influenza B (Flu-B), Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) and SARS-CoV-2.

resultsThe results from early 2022 showed a strong dominance of SARS-CoV-2 infections with 1,267/1,918 (66.1%) cases. Flu-A was detected in 30/1,918 (1.6%) samples, HRSV in 14/1,918 (0.7%) samples, and Flu-B in 2/1,918 (0.1%) samples. Flu-A/SARS-CoV-2 co-detections were observed in 11/1,267 (0.9%) samples, and HRSV/SARS-CoV-2 co-detection in 5/1,267 (0.4%) samples. During the 2022/23 winter respiratory season, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 1,738/18,131 (9.6%), Flu-A in 628/18,131 (3.5%), Flu-B in 106/18,131 (0.6%), and HRSV in 505/18,131 (2.8%) samples. Interestingly, co-detections were present to a similar extent as in early 2022.

conclusionThe results show that the multiplex molecular approach is a valuable tool for the simultaneous laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A/B, and HRSV in hospitalized and outpatients. Infections with Flu-A/B, and HRSV occurred shortly after the COVID-19 control measures were lifted, so a strong reoccurrence of various respiratory infections and co-detections in the post COVID-19 period was to be expected.

Indexed as

COVID-19Influenza A virusInfluenza B virusInfluenza, HumanRespiratory Syncytial Virus, HumanRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedCoinfectionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesSeasonsCo-detectionsFlu-A/BHRSVMultiplexrtRT-PCRSARS-CoV-2Turnaround-time

Identifiers

PMID38840154
PMCPMC11151539

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.