ArticleNature communications2024
High internal phase emulsions gel ink for direct-ink-writing 3D printing of liquid metal.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions as Structurally Tunable Bioinks for Extrusion-Based Printing From 3D Fabrication to Adaptive Multiresponsive Architectures.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- Surface energy-directed assembly of liquid metal particles for intelligent wearable electronics.iScience · 2026Article
- EGaIn-based liquid-metal electrodes for electronic interfaces and contact engineering.iScience · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Interconnect Technologies for Advanced Flexible Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Activation-Free Liquid-Metal Composite Elastomers via Ultrasonic-Enabled Interface Welding for Strain-Insensitive Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Liquid Metal Electrodes: Material Properties, Interfacial Behavior, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Rheologically Engineered 3D-Printed Highly Loaded Magneto-Dielectric Absorbers for Device-Level Electromagnetic Compatibility.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Interlocking Stabilized 3D Photothermal Nano-Architectures Enables Distributed Solar Desalination.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Development of a Screen-Printable Liquid Metal Ink on PDMS Substrates Toward Flexible Conductive Electronics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Electrohydrodynamic printed ultra-high performance liquid metal strain sensor.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- MXene-Assembled Liquid Metal Hybrid Microparticles for Multifunctional and Stretchable Printed Electronics.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Functional Nano-to-Microstructures by Jet Printing and Direct Ink Writing.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- 3D-printable phosphorescent woody materials.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gallium-Based Liquid Metals: From Fundamental Properties to State-of-the-Art Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrated 3D Printing of Liquid Metal and Elastomer for Soft Robots and Electronics.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Sustainable Liquid Metal Composites for Soft Electronics and E-Waste Reduction.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- A general finite-gel strategy for highly concentrated liquid metal inks.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Versatile Liquid Metal Composite Inks for Printable, Durable, and Ultra-Stretchable Electronics.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Gel-Based Ionic Circuits.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Highly Conductive Liquid Metal Emulsion Gels for Three-Dimensionally Printed Stretchable Electronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
3D printing of liquid metal remains a big challenge due to its low viscosity and large surface tension. In this study, we use Carbopol hydrogel and liquid gallium-indium alloy to prepare a liquid metal high internal phase emulsion gel ink, which can be used for direct-ink-writing 3D printing. The high volume fraction (up to 82.5%) of the liquid metal dispersed phase gives the ink excellent elastic properties, while the Carbopol hydrogel, as the continuous phase, provides lubrication for the liquid metal droplets, ensuring smooth flow of the ink during shear extrusion. These enable high-resolution and shape-stable 3D printing of three-dimensional structures. Moreover, the liquid metal droplets exhibit an electrocapillary phenomenon in the Carbopol hydrogel, which allows for demulsification by an electric field and enables electrical connectivity between droplets. We have also achieved the printing of ink on flexible, non-planar structures, and demonstrated the potential for alternating printing with various materials.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.