ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2024
Risk of Seizure Recurrence Due to Autoimmune Encephalitis With NMDAR, LGI1, CASPR2, and GABA
Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune dysregulation and epileptogenesis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Global disparities in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of seizures or epilepsy of autoimmune etiology.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- WONOEP XVII appraisal: The immunopathogenesis of epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2026Review
- Defining the role of systemic autoimmune markers in adult epilepsy: A focus on autoimmune-associated epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Epilepsy as a dynamic disease: Toward actionable, individualized seizure risk prediction.Epilepsia · 2025Review
- Risk of Epilepsy and Factors Associated With Time to Seizure Remission in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: Long-Term Outcome in 236 Patients.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Review
- Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
34 authors.
Anna RadaFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2538-0786
Anne HagemannFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8158-7442
Charlotte Aaberg PoulsenFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Tobias BaumgartnerFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Timea BerkiFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Morten BlaabjergFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Juliette BrennerFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5523-4398
Jeffrey W BrittonFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0147-8159
Andrew ChristianaFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1980-7256
Nicolás L Ciano-PetersenFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9555-4847
Yvette CrijnenFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0279-7140
Martin ElišákFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1541-628X
Antonio FarinaFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5551-0185
Alec R FriedmanFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9491-5185
Zsófia HaydenFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Julien HébertFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Martin HoltkampFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2258-1670
Zhen HongFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0014-6873
Jerome HonnoratFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4721-5952
Maria Ilyas-FeldmannFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Sarosh R IraniFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7667-9748
Stjepana KovacFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Petr MarusicFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1240-653X
Sergio Muñiz-CastrilloFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5958-3288
Sudarshini RamanathanFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0294-9768
Kelsey M SmithFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8659-3801
Claude SteriadeFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Christine StrippelFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Rainer SurgesFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3177-8582
Maarten J TitulaerFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1033-3840
Christopher E UyFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Juna M de VriesFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6380-1871
Christian G BienFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2225-8654
Ulrich SpechtFrom the Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (A.R., C.G.B., U.S.), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel; Society for Epilepsy Research (A.H.), Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.A.P., M.B.), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (M.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epileptology (T. Baumgartner, R.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Immunology and Biotechnology (T. Berki), University of Pécs, Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (J.B., Y.C., M.J.T., J.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Division of Epilepsy (J.W.B., K.M.S.), Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.C., C. Steriade), New York; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (N.L.C.-P., A.F., J. Honnorat, S.M.-C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, UMR MELIS Inserm 1314 / CNRS 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, France; Department of Neurology (M.E., P.M.), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.R.F., J. Hébert), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Department of Neurology (Z. Hayden), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Neurology (J. Hébert), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg (M.H., M.I.-F.), Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (Z. Hong), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I., S.R., C.E.U.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences (S.R.I.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (S.K., C. Strippel), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neurology (C.E.U.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Laboratory Krone (C.G.B.), Bad Salzuflen, Germany.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesPatients with ongoing seizures are usually not allowed to drive. The prognosis for seizure freedom is favorable in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) with antibodies against NMDA receptor (NMDAR), leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), and the gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (GABA
methodsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study analyzed follow-up data from patients aged 15 years or older with seizures resulting from NMDAR-, LGI1-, CASPR2-, or GABA
resultsWe included 383 patients with NMDAR-, 440 with LGI1-, 114 with CASPR2-, and 44 with GABA DISCUSSION: Taking a <20% recurrence risk within 12 months as sufficient, patients with NMDAR-AIE and LGI1-AIE could be considered eligible for noncommercial driving after having been seizure-free for 3 months.
Indexed as
AutoantibodiesEncephalitisIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMembrane ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsReceptors, GABA-BRecurrenceAdolescentAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHashimoto DiseaseHumansMaleAutoantibodiesCNTNAP2 protein, humanIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLGI1 protein, humanMembrane ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsProteinsReceptors, GABA-BReceptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
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