ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
Cognitive reserve, cortisol, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A memory clinic study.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The relationship among cognitive reserve and symptoms, cognition, and functioning in schizophrenia: A case-control study and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Psychosocial Interventions on Loneliness Amongst Long-Term Care Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Balancing inflammation under stress: glucocorticoid regulation of innate immune pathways.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Docking Analysis of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Using Cell Membrane Receptors and Enzymes of the Kynurenine Pathway: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The interplay of life satisfaction and cognitive reserve: implications for cognitive changes in old age.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Impact of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cognitive reserve, cortisol, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A memory clinic study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCognitive reserve might mitigate the risk of Alzheimer's dementia among memory clinic patients. No study has examined the potential modifying role of stress on this relation.
methodsWe examined cross-sectional associations of the cognitive reserve index (CRI; education, occupational complexity, physical and leisure activities, and social health) with cognitive performance and AD-related biomarkers among 113 memory clinic patients. The longitudinal association between CRI and cognition over a 3-year follow-up was assessed. We examined whether associations were influenced by perceived stress and five measures of diurnal salivary cortisol.
resultsHigher CRI scores were associated with better cognition. Adjusting for cortisol measures reduced the beneficial association of CRI on cognition. A higher CRI score was associated with better working memory in individuals with higher (favorable) cortisol AM/PM ratio, but not among individuals with low cortisol AM/PM ratio. No association was found between CRI and AD-related biomarkers. DISCUSSION: Physiological stress reduces the neurocognitive benefits of cognitive reserve among memory clinic patients. HIGHLIGHTS: Physiological stress may reduce the neurocognitive benefits accrued from cognitively stimulating and enriching life experiences (cognitive reserve [CR]) in memory clinic patients. Cortisol awakening response modified the relation between CR and P-tau
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