ArticleJournal of athletic training2024
Factors Influencing Athletic Training Services in California Secondary Schools: A 5-Year Update.
Article in Journal of athletic training, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Association Between the Social Vulnerability Index and Access to California High School Athletic Trainers.Journal of athletic training · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextCalifornia is the only state that does not regulate the athletic training profession, allowing unqualified personnel to be hired and call themselves athletic trainers (ATs). The benefits of employing a certified AT in the secondary school setting are numerous, but efforts to push regulation legislation continue to fail in California.
objectiveTo describe the availability of certified ATs in California secondary schools and explore factors influencing AT employment.
designCross-sectional study.
settingOnline survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsParticipants from 1538 California secondary schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Officials from member schools completed the 2022-2023 California Interscholastic Federation Participation Census. Participants provided information specific to enrollment, sport participation, access to automated external defibrillators, and whether the school had ATs on staff. The AT's certification status was independently verified. Enrollment data specific to ethnicity, race, and percentage of students eligible for free meals were obtained through the California Department of Education Statistics.
resultsMore than half (51.6%) of California secondary schools did not employ a certified AT, and 8.3% employed unqualified personnel as ATs. Nearly half (43%) of student-athlete participants were enrolled at schools with no certified AT. Schools that employed certified ATs had a lower proportion of students eligible to receive free and reduced-price meals. The average percentage of Hispanic or Latino students was greater in schools with no certified AT and schools that employed unqualified personnel as ATs than schools that employed certified ATs.
conclusionsData indicate that, in a 5-year period, access to athletic training services in California secondary schools has not improved. Large gaps in access to athletic training services and clear socioeconomic and racial and ethnic disparities exist. Efforts to educate stakeholders on the importance of athletic training regulation in California should continue.
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Registered trials
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