ReviewBritish journal of cancer2024
Why does circadian timing of administration matter for immune checkpoint inhibitors' efficacy?
Review in British journal of cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07338981 (), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
(CHRONO-RCC) Time-of-day-Dependent Administration of Dual Immune Check Point Inhibitors (ICI) in Advanced Kidney Cancer
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Time-of-Day Immunotherapy Administration and Outcomes in Advanced Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Morning versus afternoon administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Time-of-day immunochemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Circadian rhythm disruption by PARP inhibitors correlates with treatment toxicity in patients with ovarian cancer and is a predictor of side effects.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Circadian timing of first-line chemoimmunotherapy is associated with survival in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Modulating the gut microbiota to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Chronotherapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Biological Rationale, Human Evidence, and a Clinical Implementation Framework.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Chrono-immunotherapy in genitourinary oncology: From emerging evidence to clinical translation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Overall survival according to timing of immune checkpoint inhibitors administration in patients with advanced cancer: results from a large single-centre cohort analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Unlocking the clock: a systematic review and meta-analysis on optimizing immune checkpoint inhibitor timing for advanced solid tumors.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Translational modelling challenges receptor‑occupancy‑based dosing of PD‑1 inhibitors like pembrolizumab.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Chronotherapy in Oncology: Aligning Cancer Treatment with Biological Time.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Timing matters: how mechanism-guided sequencing shapes the efficacy of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations : A systematic review.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2026Review
- Circadian-guided oncolytic virotherapy for glioblastoma.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Addressing Biases in Analysis of Time of Infusion: NCI/SWOG Trial S1404 Among Participants With High-Risk Resectable Melanoma Who Received Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Therapy.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- FABP7: A Regulator of Neuro-Immune Metabolic Networks and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Glioma.Cancers · 2026Review
- Circadian rhythm of dendritic cells directs the time-dependent efficacy of photodynamic therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Biomimetic fusion nanosystem from ginger exosomes and tumor cell membranes: boosting PLK1-targeted therapy in BRCA-heterogeneous HGSOC.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Circadian engineering of in vivo CAR T cell therapy for precision oncology.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Circadian Rhythms in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTolerability and antitumour efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy can vary largely according to their time of administration along the 24-h time scale, due to the moderation of their molecular and cellular mechanisms by circadian rhythms. Recent clinical data have highlighted a striking role of dosing time for cancer immunotherapy, thus calling for a critical evaluation.
methodsHere, we review the clinical data and we analyse the mechanisms through which circadian rhythms can influence outcomes on ICI therapies. We examine how circadian rhythm disorders can affect tumour immune microenvironment, as a main mechanism linking the circadian clock to the 24-h cycles in ICIs antitumour efficacy.
resultsReal-life data from 18 retrospective studies have revealed that early time-of-day (ToD) infusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could enhance progression-free and/or overall survival up to fourfold compared to late ToD dosing. The studies involved a total of 3250 patients with metastatic melanoma, lung, kidney, bladder, oesophageal, stomach or liver cancer from 9 countries. Such large and consistent differences in ToD effects on outcomes could only result from a previously ignored robust chronobiological mechanism. The circadian timing system coordinates cellular, tissue and whole-body physiology along the 24-h timescale. Circadian rhythms are generated at the cellular level by a molecular clock system that involves 15 specific clock genes. The disruption of circadian rhythms can trigger or accelerate carcinogenesis, and contribute to cancer treatment failure, possibly through tumour immune evasion resulting from immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVE: Such emerging understanding of circadian rhythms regulation of antitumour immunity now calls for randomised clinical trials of ICIs timing to establish recommendations for personalised chrono-immunotherapies with current and forthcoming drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.