Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38834080›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2024

A Diagnostic Algorithm for Detection of Leishmania spp. in Human Fresh and Fixed Tissue Samples.

Luciana M Silva-Flannery, Marcos E de Almeida, Alexandre J da Silva, Brigid C Bollweg, Pamela S Fair, Jana M Ritter, Christopher D Paddock, Roosecelis B Martines, Sherif R Zaki

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Luciana M Silva-FlanneryInfectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Marcos E de AlmeidaDivision of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Alexandre J da SilvaDivision of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Brigid C BollwegInfectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Pamela S FairInfectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Jana M RitterInfectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Christopher D PaddockInfectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Roosecelis B MartinesInfectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Sherif R ZakiInfectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is an important travel-related parasitic infection in the United States. Treatment regimens vary by Leishmania species and require an accurate diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods depend on the type and condition of specimen analyzed. To identify the best algorithm for detection of parasites in fresh and fixed tissue samples, we evaluated parasite cultures, two PCR methods, and Leishmania immunohistochemistry (IHC) in samples received by the CDC from 2012 through 2019. The sensitivity and specificity of IHC assays were evaluated in fresh specimens tested. Diagnostic accuracy for formalin-fixed tissue was evaluated by using PCR-based methods and IHC. Of 100 suspected cases with fresh tissue available, Leishmania spp. infection was identified by PCR in 56% (56/100) of specimens; from these, 80% (45/56) were positive by parasite culture and 59% (33/56) by IHC. Of 420 possible cases where only fixed specimens were available, 58% (244/420) were positive by IHC and/or PCR. Of these, 96% (235/420) were positive by IHC and 84% (204/420) by PCR-based methods. Overall parasite detection using all methodologies was similar for fresh and formalin-fixed tissue specimens (56% versus 58%, respectively). Although PCR-based methods were superior for diagnosis of leishmaniasis and species identification in fresh samples, IHC in combination with PCR increased the accuracy for Leishmania spp. detection in fixed samples. In conclusion, PCR is the most effective method for detecting Leishmania infection in fresh tissue samples, whereas for formalin-fixed samples, IHC and PCR-based methods should be used in combination.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsLeishmaniaLeishmaniasisPolymerase Chain ReactionSensitivity and SpecificityHumansImmunohistochemistry

Identifiers

PMID38834080
PMCPMC11229649

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.